References.

Pain — Hypnosis

1. Ballesio, A., Zagaria, A., Vacca, M., Pariante, C. M., & Lombardo, C. (2023). Comparative efficacy of psychological interventions on immune biomarkers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 111, 424–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.05.006
2. Ford, A. C., Quigley, E. M. M., Lacy, B. E., Lembo, A. J., Saito, Y. A., Schiller, L. R., Soffer, E. E., Spiegel, B. M. R., & Moayyedi, P. (2014). Effect of antidepressants and psychological therapies, including hypnotherapy, in irritable bowel syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 109(9), 1350–1365. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2014.148
3. Geagea, D., Ogez, D., Kimble, R., & Tyack, Z. (2024). Redefining hypnosis: A narrative review of theories to move towards an integrative model. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 54, 101826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101826
4. Gruzelier, J. H. (2002). A review of the impact of hypnosis, relaxation, guided imagery and individual differences on aspects of immunity and health. Stress, 5(2), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890290027877
5. Langlois, P., Perrochon, A., David, R., Rainteau, N., Salle, J. Y., Munoz, M., Wood, C., Chapleau, J., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Pageaux, B., & Brémaud, A. (2022). Hypnosis to manage musculoskeletal and neuropathic chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 135, 104591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104591
6. Peters, S. L., Yao, C. K., Philpott, H., Yelland, G. W., Muir, J. G., & Gibson, P. R. (2016). Randomised clinical trial: The efficacy of gut-directed hypnotherapy is similar to that of the low FODMAP diet for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 44(5), 447–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13706
7. Rutten, J. M. T. M., Reitsma, J. B., Vlieger, A. M., & Benninga, M. A. (2013). Gut-directed hypnotherapy for functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome in children: A systematic review. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 98(4), 252–257. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302906
8. Schoen, M., & Nowack, K. (2013). Reconditioning the stress response with hypnosis CD reduces the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and influences resilience: A pilot study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 19(2), 83–88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23561065/
9. Terhune, D. B., Cleeremans, A., Raz, A., & Lynn, S. J. (2017). Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 81(Pt A), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.002
10. Mahler T. Education and Hypnosis for Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) in Pediatrics. Am J Clin Hypn. 2015 Jul;58(1):115-28. doi: 10.1080/00029157.2015.1033676. PMID: 26046720.
11. Queirolo, L., Boscolo, A., Cracco, T. et al. Hypnosis reshapes multilevel stress response and enhances executive performance in stressed medical students. Sci Rep 16, 8844 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40770-6
12. Vasant, D. H., & Whorwell, P. J. (2019). Gut-focused hypnotherapy for functional gastrointestinal disorders: Evidence-base, practical aspects, and the Manchester Protocol. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 31(8), e13573. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13573
13. Zaccaro, A., Perrucci, M. G., Parrotta, E., Costantini, M., & Piarulli, A. (2023). Autonomic nervous system modulation during self-induced non-ordinary states of consciousness. Scientific Reports, 13, 15983. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42393-7
14. Zamariola, G., Frost, N., Roelands, B., & Luminet, O. (2025). Effects of app-delivered self-hypnosis on stress management: A randomised controlled trial. npj Digital Medicine, 8, 165. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02182-0
15. Zhang, P., & Chen, Z. (2024). Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 9, 155. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01845-w
16. Zharova, N., Zharikov, Y., Pelicer-Marques, Y., Nikolenko, V., Tarasenko, V., Mikliaeva, E., Mchenskaya, A., Ryagin, S., Antonyan, S., Aniskin, D., Pontes-Silva, A., & Zharikova, T. (2026). Amygdala-centered mechanisms of pain amplification and chronification in fibromyalgia and migraine: Narrative review. Behavioural Brain Research, 503, 116071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116071

Life Force — Breathwork

1. Borghi, C., et al. (2023). Effect of breathing exercises on oxidative stress biomarkers in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1121036.
2. Noventa, M., et al. (2021). Reduced vagal tone in women with endometriosis and auricular vagus nerve stimulation as a potential therapeutic approach. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 41–50.
3. de Carvalho Rocha, L. L., et al. (2023). Is vagus nerve-mediated regulation of immunity an etiological target for therapeutic intervention in endometriosis? Military Medical Research, 10(1), 1–12.
4. Kox, M., et al. (2016). Yogic breathing when compared to attention control reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in saliva: A pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 16(1), 1–8.
5. Moreira MF, Gamboa OL, Oliveira MAP. Mindfulness-Based Intervention Effect on the Psychophysiological Marker of Self-Regulation in Women With Endometriosis-Related Chronic Pain. J Pain. 2024 Jan;25(1):118-131. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.026. Epub 2023 Jul 29. PMID: 37524218.
6. Twal WO, Wahlquist AE, Balasubramanian S. Yogic breathing when compared to attention control reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in saliva: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Aug 18;16:294. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1286-7. PMID: 27538513; PMCID: PMC4991069.

Hormones — Unscenting

1. Ao, J., Zhu, W., Jiang, W., Zeng, X., Qiu, W., Yin, S., Wang, W., & Zhang, J. (2024). The mixture of non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals in relation to endometriosis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 286, 117129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117129
2. Barrett, J. R. (2005). The ugly side of beauty products. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(1), A24. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.113-a24
3. Buck Louis, G. M., Peterson, C. M., Chen, Z., Croughan, M., Sundaram, R., Stanford, J., Varner, M. W., Kennedy, A., Giudice, L., Fujimoto, V. Y., Sun, L., Wang, L., Guo, Y., & Kannan, K. (2013). Bisphenol A and phthalates and endometriosis: The Endometriosis: Natural History, Diagnosis and Outcomes Study. Fertility and Sterility, 100(1), 162–169.e1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.03.026
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2003). Second national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/2nd/
5. Chitakwa, N., Alqudaimi, M., Sultan, M., & Wu, D. (2024). Plastic-related endocrine disrupting chemicals significantly related to the increased risk of estrogen-dependent diseases in women. Environmental Research, 252(Pt 2), 118966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118966
6. Cobellis, L., Colacurci, N., Trabucco, E., Carpentiero, C., & Grumetto, L. (2009). Measurement of bisphenol A and bisphenol B levels in human blood sera from healthy and endometriotic women. Biomedical Chromatography, 23(11), 1186–1190. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1241
7. Conforti, A., Carbone, L., Simeon, V., Chiodini, P., Marrone, V., Bagnulo, F., Cariati, F., Strina, I., & Alviggi, C. (2021). Unravelling the link between phthalate exposure and endometriosis in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 38, 2543–2557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-021-02265-3
8. Environmental Working Group (EWG), Healthcare Without Harm, & Women’s Voices for the Earth. (2002). Not Too Pretty: Phthalates, beauty products, and the FDA. https://www.ewg.org/issues/cosmetics
9. Environmental Working Group (EWG). (2003). Body Burden: Pollution in People. https://www.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden/index.php
10. Environmental Working Group (EWG). (2004, December). Exposures add up – survey results. https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2004/12/exposures-add-survey-results
11. Kunisue, T., Chen, Z., Buck Louis, G. M., Sundaram, R., Hediger, M. L., Sun, L., & Kannan, K. (2012). Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type UV filters in U.S. women and their association with endometriosis. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(8), 4624–4632. https://doi.org/10.1021/es204415a
12. Marino, J. L., Holt, V. L., Chen, C., & Davis, S. (2009). Lifetime occupational history and risk of endometriosis. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 35(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1317
13. Peinado, F. M., Ocón-Hernández, O., Iribarne-Durán, L. M., Vela-Soria, F., Ubiña, A., Padilla, C., Mora, J. C., Cardona, J., León, J., Fernández, M. F., Olea, N., & Artacho-Cordón, F. (2021). Cosmetic and personal care product use, urinary levels of parabens and benzophenones, and risk of endometriosis: Results from the EndEA study. Environmental Research, 196, 110342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110342
14. Reddy, B. S., Rozati, R., Reddy, S., Kodampur, S., Reddy, P., & Reddy, R. (2006). High plasma concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and phthalate esters in women with endometriosis: A prospective case control study. Fertility and Sterility, 85(3), 775–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.037
15. Ribeiro, B., Mariana, M., Lorigo, M., Oliani, D., Ramalhinho, A. C., & Cairrão, E. (2024). Association between the exposure to phthalates and the risk of endometriosis: An updated review. Biomedicines, 12(8), 1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081932
16. Upson, K., Sathyanarayana, S., De Roos, A. J., Koch, H. M., Scholes, D., & Holt, V. L. (2014). A population-based case-control study of urinary bisphenol A concentrations and risk of endometriosis. Human Reproduction, 29(11), 2457–2464. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deu227
17. Upson, K., Shearston, J. A., & Kioumourtzoglou, M. A. (2022). Menstrual products as a source of environmental chemical exposure: A review from the epidemiologic perspective. Current Environmental Health Reports, 9(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-022-00331-1
18. Vandenberg, L. N., Colborn, T., Hayes, T. B., Heindel, J. J., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., Lee, D. H., Shioda, T., Soto, A. M., vom Saal, F. S., Welshons, W. V., Zoeller, R. T., & Myers, J. P. (2012). Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocrine Reviews, 33(3), 378–455. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2011-1050
19. Wieczorek, K., Szczęsna, D., & Jurewicz, J. (2022). Environmental exposure to non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and endometriosis: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095608
20. Yi, H., Wu, H., Zhu, W., Lin, Q., Zhao, X., Lin, R., Luo, Y., Wu, L., & Lin, D. (2023). Phthalate exposure and risk of ovarian dysfunction in endometriosis: Human and animal data. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, Article 1154923. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1154923

Ways to look for endometriosis

1. Hansen T, Hanchard T, Alphonse J. The accuracy of ultrasound compared to magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis: A narrative review. Sonography. 2023; 10(2): 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/sono.12350
2. Chamie, L. & Blasbalg, Roberto & Pereira, Ricardo & Warmbrand, Gisele & Serafini, Paulo. (2011). Findings of Pelvic Endometriosis at Transvaginal US, MR Imaging, and Laparoscopy. Radiographics: a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 31. E77-100. 10.1148/rg.314105193 . https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.314105193
3. Avery, J.C., Deslandes, A., Freger, S.M., Leonardi, M., & Condous, G . (2024). Noninvasive diagnostic imaging for endometriosis: Advances in ultrasound and MRI. Fertility and Sterility, In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.08.015
4. Simone Ferrero, Fabio Barra, Umberto Perrone, Michele Paudice, Valerio Gaetano Vellone; Ultrasound Diagnosis of Bowel Endometriosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2024; https://doi.org/10.1159/000542563
5. Marc Bazot, Emile Daraï. Diagnosis of deep endometriosis: clinical examination, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other techniques, Fertility and Sterility, Volume 108, Issue 6,2017,Pages 886-894, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.10.026
6. Foti, P.V., Farina, R., Palmucci, S., Vizzini, I.A.A., Libertini, S., & Basile, A. (2018). Endometriosis: Clinical features, MR imaging findings, and pathologic correlation. Insights into Imaging, 9(1), 149–172, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-017-0591-0
7. Kondo, William & Zomer, Monica & Pinto, Erick & Ribeiro, Reitan & Ribeiro, Maria & Trippia, Cesar & Trippia, Carlos. (2011). Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: Imaging Features and Laparoscopic Correlation. Journal of Endometriosis. 3. 197-212. 10.5301/JE.2012.9068. https://doi.org/10.5301/JE.2012.9068
8. Dantkale KS, Agrawal M. A Comprehensive Review of the Diagnostic Landscape of Endometriosis: Assessing Tools, Uncovering Strengths, and Acknowledging Limitations. Cureus. 2024 Mar 26;16(3):e56978. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.56978. PMID: 38665720; PMCID: PMC11045176. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.56978
9. Garvey, M. (2024). Endometriosis: Future Biological Perspectives for Diagnosis and Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(22), 12242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212242
10. Tatjana Gibbons, Nilufer Rahmioglu, Krina T. Zondervan, Christian M. Becker,Crimson clues: advancing endometriosis detection and management with novel blood biomarkers,Fertility and Sterility. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.12.018
11. Sivajohan, B., Elgendi, M., Menon, C. et al. Clinical use of artificial intelligence in endometriosis: a scoping review. npj Digit. Med. 5, 109 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00638-1
12. Baușic A, Coroleucă C, Coroleucă C, Comandașu D, Matasariu R, Manu A, Frîncu F, Mehedințu C, Brătilă E. Transvaginal Ultrasound vs. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Value in Endometriosis Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Jul 21;12(7):1767. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071767. PMID: 35885670; PMCID: PMC9315729. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071767
13. Coutinho A Jr, Bittencourt LK, Pires CE, Junqueira F, Lima CM, Coutinho E, Domingues MA, Domingues RC, Marchiori E. MR imaging in deep pelvic endometriosis: a pictorial essay. Radiographics. 2011 Mar-Apr;31(2):549-67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.312105144. PMID: 21415196. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.312105144
14. Ha H, Lim Y, Kim H, Suh T, Song H, Kim S. Diagnosis of Pelvic Endometriosis: Fat-Suppressed T1-Weighted Vs Conventional MR Images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163(1):127-31. doi:10.2214/ajr.163.1.8010198 - Pubmed
15. Yang N, Yang N, Sharma R, Jones G, et al. Endometriosis. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 14 Nov 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-6699

Life Force — Meditation

1. Ackerman, S. (1992). Discovering the brain: Major structures and functions of the brain. National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234157/
2. American Osteopathic Association. (2020, October 1). Yoga and meditation reduce chronic pain. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201001133227.htm
3. Arguinchona, J. H., & Tadi, P. (2023, July 24). Neuroanatomy, reticular activating system. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. PMID: 31751025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549835/
4. Black, D. S., & Slavich, G. M. (2016). Mindfulness meditation and the immune system: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Advances in Meditation Research, 13–24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26799456/
5. Chandran, V., Bermúdez, M. L., Koka, M., & Sadhasivam, S. (2021). Large-scale genomic study reveals robust activation of the immune system following advanced Inner Engineering meditation retreat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(51), e2110455118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110455118
6. Costa, J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2013). Experiential avoidance and self-compassion in chronic pain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43, 1578–1591. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12107
7. de França Moreira, M., Gamboa, O. L., & Pinho Oliveira, M. A. (2023). Cognitive-affective changes mediate the mindfulness-based intervention effect on endometriosis-related pain and mental health: A path analysis approach. European Journal of Pain, 27(10), 1187–1202. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37365715/
8. Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Coffey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045–1062. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013262
9. Hansen, K. E., Kold, M., Kesmodel, U. S., & Forman, A. (2015). Long-time effects of mindfulness-based psychological treatment on chronic pain and quality of life in endometriosis. Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders, 7(Suppl. 1). https://doi.org/10.5301/je.5000234
10. Hilton, L., Hempel, S., Ewing, B. A., Apaydin, E., Xenakis, L., Newberry, S., Colaiaco, B., Maher, A. R., Shanman, R. M., Sorbero, M. E., & Maglione, M. A. (2017). Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51, 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9844-2
11. Jamil, A., Gutlapalli, S. D., Ali, M., Oble, M. J. P., Sonia, S. N., George, S., Shahi, S. R., Ali, Z., Abaza, A., & Mohammed, L. (2023). Meditation and its mental and physical health benefits in 2023. Cureus, 15(6), e40650. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40650
12. Krishnakumar, D., Hamblin, M. R., & Lakshmanan, S. (2015). Meditation and yoga can modulate brain mechanisms that affect behavior and anxiety: A modern scientific perspective. Ancient Science, 2(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.14259/as.v2i1.171
13. Lardone, A., Liparoti, M., Sorrentino, P., Rucco, R., Jacini, F., Polverino, A., Minino, R., Pesoli, M., Baselice, F., Sorriso, A., Ferraioli, G., Sorrentino, G., & Mandolesi, L. (2018). Mindfulness meditation is related to long-lasting changes in hippocampal functional topology during resting state: A magnetoencephalography study. Neural Plasticity, 2018, 5340717. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5340717
14. Lomas, T., Ivtzan, I., & Fu, C. H. Y. (2015). A systematic review of the neurophysiology of mindfulness on EEG oscillations. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.018
15. Moreira, M. F., Gamboa, O. L., & Oliveira, M. A. P. (2022). A single-blind, randomized, pilot study of a brief mindfulness-based intervention for endometriosis-related pain management. European Journal of Pain, 26(5), 1147–1162. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1939
16. Moreira, M. F., Gamboa, O. L., & Oliveira, M. A. P. (2024). Mindfulness intervention effect on endometriosis-related pain dimensions and its mediator role on stress and vitality: A path analysis approach. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 27, 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-023-01381-6
17. Moreira, Marcelo de França, Olga Lucia Gamboa, and Marco Aurelio Pinho Oliveira. “A Single-Blind, Randomized, Pilot Study of a Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for the Endometriosis-Related Pain Management.” European Journal of Pain (London, England) 26, no. 5 (May 2022): 1147–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1939.
18. Neff, K. D. (2009). Self-compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 561–573). Guilford Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2790748/
19. Penman, D. (2015, January 9). Can mindfulness meditation really reduce pain and suffering? Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/nz/blog/mindfulness-in-frantic-world/201501/can-mindfulness-meditation-really-reduce-pain-and-suffering
20. Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. B. (2001). Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(4), 296–320. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0504_2
21. Wang, Z., Liu, S., Xu, X., Xiao, Y., Yang, M., Zhao, X., Jin, C., Hu, F., Yang, S., Tang, B., Song, C., & Wang, T. (2022). Gut microbiota associated with effectiveness and responsiveness to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in improving trait anxiety. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 12, 719829. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.719829

Other — Why Endo Happens

1. Aldad, T. S., Rahmani, N., Leranth, C., & Taylor, H. S. (2011). Bisphenol-A exposure alters endometrial progesterone receptor expression in the nonhuman primate. Fertility and Sterility, 96(1), 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.010
2. Bulun, S. E. (2009). Endometriosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(3), 268-279. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0804690
3. Capobianco, A., & Rovere-Querini, P. (2013). Endometriosis, a disease of the macrophage. Frontiers in Immunology, 4, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00009
4. Chandrasekaran, A., Molparia, B., Akhtar, E., Wang, X., Lewis, J. D., Chang, J. T., Oliveira, G., Torkamani, A., & Konijeti, G. G. (2019). The Autoimmune Protocol Diet Modifies Intestinal RNA Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Crohn's & Colitis 360, 1(3), otz016. https://doi.org/10.1093/crocol/otz016
5. Chou, Y. C., & Tzeng, C. R. (2021). The impact of phthalate on reproductive function in women with endometriosis. Reproductive Medicine and Biology, 20(2), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.12364
6. Guo, S. W. (2009). Epigenetics of endometriosis. Molecular Human Reproduction, 15(10), 587-607. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gap064
7. Habib, N., Buzzaccarini, G., Centini, G., Moawad, G. N., Ceccaldi, P. F., Gitas, G., Alkatout, I., Gullo, G., Terzic, S., & Sleiman, Z. (2022). Impact of lifestyle and diet on endometriosis: A fresh look to a busy corner. Przeglad Menopauzalny, 21(2), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2022.116437
8. Hansen, K. A., & Eyster, K. M. (2010). Genetics and genomics of endometriosis. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 53(2), 403-412. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181db7ca1
9. Herington, J. L., Bruner-Tran, K. L., Lucas, J. A., & Osteen, K. G. (2011). Immune interactions in endometriosis. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 7(5), 611-626. https://doi.org/10.1586/eci.11.53
10. Hiroi, H., Tsutsumi, O., Takeuchi, T., Momoeda, M., Ikezuki, Y., Okamura, A., Yokota, H., & Taketani, Y. (2004). Differences in serum bisphenol a concentrations in premenopausal normal women and women with endometrial hyperplasia. Endocrine Journal, 51(6), 595-600. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15644579/
11. Khan, K. N., Fujishita, A., Hiraki, K., Kitajima, M., Nakashima, M., Fushiki, S., & Kitawaki, J. (2018). Bacterial contamination hypothesis: a new concept in endometriosis. Reproductive Medicine and Biology, 17(2), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.12083
12. Koninckx, P. R., Ussia, A., Adamyan, L., Wattiez, A., Gomel, V., & Martin, D. C. (2020). Correction: Heterogeneity of endometriosis lesions requires individualisation of diagnosis and treatment and a different approach to research and evidence-based medicine. Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn, 11(3), 263. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7053565/
13. Lebovic, D. I., Mueller, M. D., & Taylor, R. N. (2001). Immunobiology of endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 75(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01630-701630-7)
14. Liu, H., & Lang, J. H. (2011). Is abnormal eutopic endometrium the cause of endometriosis? The role of eutopic endometrium in pathogenesis of endometriosis. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 17(4), RA92-RA99. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539524/
15. Paul Dmowski, W., & Braun, D. P. (2004). Immunology of endometriosis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 18(2), 245-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.02.001
16. Porpora, M. G., Scaramuzzino, S., Sangiuliano, C., Piacenti, I., Bonanni, V., Piccioni, M. G., Ostuni, R., Masciullo, L., & Benedetti Panici, P. L. (2020). High prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women with endometriosis: a case-control study. Gynecological Endocrinology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 36(4), 356-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2019.1655727
17. Qi, Q., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., & Guo, S. W. (2020). Platelets induce increased estrogen production through NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in endometriotic stromal cells. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1281. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-57997-6
18. Thiruchelvam, U., Wingfield, M., & O’Farrelly, C. (2015). Natural killer cells: Key players in endometriosis. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 74(4), 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.12408
19. Vercellini, P., Viganò, P., Somigliana, E., & Fedele, L. (2014). Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 10(5), 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2013.255
20. Wu, M. H., Hsiao, K. Y., & Tsai, S. J. (2019). Hypoxia: The force of endometriosis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 45(3), 532-541. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13900
21. Wu, M. H., Shoji, Y., Wu, M. C., Chuang, P. C., Lin, C. C., Huang, M. F., & Tsai, S. J. (2005). Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by prostaglandin E2 in peritoneal macrophage is associated with severity of endometriosis. American Journal of Pathology, 167(4), 1061-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)61195-961195-9)
22. Yoo, J. Y., Kim, T. H., Fazleabas, A. T., Palomino, W. A., Ahn, S. H., Tayade, C., Schammel, D. P., Young, S. L., Jeong, J. W., & Lessey, B. A. (2017). KRAS activation and over-expression of SIRT1/BCL6 contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis and progesterone resistance. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 6765. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04577-w
23. Zhou, W. J., Yang, H. L., Shao, J., Mei, J., Chang, K. K., Zhu, R., & Li, M. Q. (2019). Anti-inflammatory cytokines in endometriosis. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 76(11), 2111-2132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03056-x

Life Force — Accupuncture

1. Yu, Y. P., Ma, L. X., Ma, Y. X., Liu, Y. Q., Liu, C. Z., Xie, J. P., Gao, S. Z., & Zhu, J. (2010). Immediate effect of acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Xuanzhong (GB39) on uterine arterial blood flow in primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16(10), 1073-1078. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20932189/
2. Lund, I., & Lundeberg, T. (2016). Is acupuncture effective in the treatment of pain in endometriosis? Journal of Pain Research, 9, 157-165. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27069371/
3. Patel, M., Urits, I., Kaye, A. D., & Viswanath, O. (2020). The role of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic pain. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 34(3), 603-616. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33004170/
4. Morehead, A., & Salmon, G. (2020). Efficacy of acupuncture/acupressure in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting across multiple patient populations: Implications for practice. Nursing Clinics of North America, 55(4), 571-580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2020.07.001
5. Yu, Z. (2020). Neuromechanism of acupuncture regulating gastrointestinal motility. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 26(23), 3182-3200. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i23.3182
6. Mira, T. A. A., Buen, M. M., Borges, M. G., Yela, D. A., & Benetti-Pinto, C. L. (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of complementary treatments for women with symptomatic endometriosis. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 143(1), 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12576
7. Amorim, D., Amado, J., Brito, I., Fiuza, S. M., Amorim, N., Costeira, C., & Machado, J. (2018). Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the clinical research. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 31, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.008
8. Heal Endo. (2023, August 15). Acupuncture for endometriosis. Retrieved from https://www.healendo.com/blog-1/2023/8/15/acupuncture-for-endometriosis
9. Editorial Team. (2018, July 7). Acupuncture as an alternative treatment for endometriosis. Endometriosis.net. Retrieved from https://endometriosis.net/complementary-alternative-treatment/acupuncture
10. Gazette, Terry Murphy. (2021, November 3). Researchers pinpoint how acupuncture targets inflammation. Harvard Gazette. Retrieved from https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/11/researchers-pinpoint-how-acupuncture-targets-inflammation/
11. Mellardo, A. (2022, January 25). Here’s how acupuncture can improve your gut health, expert says. Eat This Not That. Retrieved from https://www.eatthis.com/acupuncture-improve-gut-health/
12. White Crane Clinic. (2021, July 17). How can acupuncture help with imbalanced hormones? Retrieved from https://whitecraneclinic.com/how-does-acupuncture-help-with-imbalanced-hormones/
13. Aurora Medical Centre. (n.d.). Can acupuncture heal your mind, body, and spirit? Retrieved from https://www.auroramedicalcentre.com.au/post/heal-your-mind-body-and-spirit-with-acupuncture
14. Quan, K., Yu, C., Wen, X., Lin, Q., Wang, N., Ma, H. (2022). Acupuncture as treatment for female infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022, Article 3595033. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3595033
15. Mo, X., Li, D., Pu, Y., Xi, G., Le, X., & Fu, Z. (1993). Clinical studies on the mechanism for acupuncture stimulation of ovulation. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 13(2), 115-119. PMID: 8412285 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8412285/
16. Paulus, W. E., Zhang, M., Strehler, E., El-Danasouri, I., & Sterzik, K. (2002). Influence of acupuncture on the pregnancy rate in patients who undergo assisted reproduction therapy. Fertility and Sterility, 77(4), 721-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(01)03273-3
17. Guven, P. G., Cayir, Y., & Borekci, B. (2020). Effectiveness of acupuncture on pregnancy success rates for women undergoing in vitro fertilization: A randomized controlled trial. Taiwan Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 59(2), 282-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2020.01.018
18. Yoga Medicine. (2019, September 30). Retrieved from https://yogamedicine.com/
19. Kim, J.-E., Seo, B.-K., Choi, J.-B., Kim, H.-J., Kim, T.-H., Lee, M.-H., Kang, K.-W., Kim, J. H., Shin, K.-M., Lee, S., Jung, S. Y., Kim, A.-R., Shin, M.-S., Jung, H. J., Jang, B. H., & Choi, S.-M. (2015). Acupuncture for chronic fatigue syndrome and idiopathic chronic fatigue: A multicenter, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16, 314. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0857-0
20. Performance Plus Massage. (n.d.). Manage period pain | Acupuncture may help, says study. Retrieved from https://www.performanceplusmassage.com.au/blog/monthly-cramps-research-shows-acupuncture-may-help-reduce-menstrual-pain
21. Armour, M., Dahlen, H. G., Zhu, X., Farquhar, C., & Smith, C. A. (2017). The role of treatment timing and mode of stimulation in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea with acupuncture: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE, 12(7), e0180177. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180177
22. Callaghan, D. (2022, October 22). Suffer from period pain? This tried and tested practice could ease it. Retrieved from https://denisecallaghan.co.uk/blog/relief-from-period-pain/

Life Force — Your mind matters too

1. Smyth, J. M., Johnson, J. A., Auer, B. J., Lehman, E., Talamo, G., & Sciamanna, C. N. (2018). Online positive affect journaling in the improvement of mental distress and well-being in general medical patients with elevated anxiety symptoms: A preliminary randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 5(4), e11290. https://doi.org/10.2196/11290
2. Vilhauer, J. (2020, September 27). Your thinking creates your reality. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/living-forward/202009/how-your-thinking-creates-your-reality
3. Mancini, A., Di Segni, C., Raimondo, S., Olivieri, G., Silvestrini, A., Meucci, E., & Currò, D. (2016). Thyroid hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Mediators of Inflammation, 2016, 6757154. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6757154
4. Felker, P., Bunch, R., & Leung, A. M. (2016). Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism. Nutrition Reviews, 74(4), 248–258. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv110
5. Meczekalski, B., Niwczyk, O., Bala, G., & Szeliga, A. (2022). Stress, kisspeptin, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 67, 102288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2022.102288
6. Santin, A. P., & Furlanetto, T. W. (2011). Role of estrogen in thyroid function and growth regulation. Journal of Thyroid Research, 2011, 875125. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/875125
7. Johnson, M. (2018, November 1). The link between stress and endometriosis. Endometriosis.net. Retrieved August 28, 2023, from https://endometriosis.net/living/stress.
8. Admin. (2022, June 9). Can stress make endometriosis worse? Ferticity IVF & Fertility Clinics (blog). https://ferticity.com/stress-affects-endometriosis/.
9. Wei, Y., Liang, Y., Lin, H., Dai, Y., & Yao, S. (2020). Autonomic nervous system and inflammation interaction in endometriosis-associated pain. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 17(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01752-1
10. (2023, October 26). How endometriosis, a common, painful condition many women face, can impact mental health. American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://www.endo45.co.nz/references#.
11. Russell, E., Koren, G., Rieder, M., & Van Uum, S. H. M. (2014). The detection of cortisol in human sweat: Implications for measurement of cortisol in hair. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 36(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e31829daa0a
12. Sweat the stress away. Women’s Lifestyle Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.womenslifestyle.com/2018/02/21/312159/sweat-the-stress-away.
13. Understanding the mind-body connection in fertility. Medical Tourism Magazine | Medical Travel. Retrieved from https://www.insights.medicaltourism.com/article/understanding-the-mind-body-connection-in-fertility.
14. The power of the mind-body connection for fertility. Simply Holistic Wellness. Retrieved from https://www.simplyholisticwc.com/blog/the-power-of-the-mind-body-connection-for-fertility.
15. Mind-body connection: What is it and how to strengthen it. Calm Blog. Retrieved from https://blog.calm.com/blog/mind-body-connection.
16. Zhang, X., Zong, B., Zhao, W., & Li, L. (2021). Effects of mind–body exercise on brain structure and function: A systematic review on MRI studies. Brain Sciences, 11(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020205
17. Take your mind to the gym: What it really means to be mentally fit. BetterUp. Retrieved from https://www.betterup.com/blog/what-mental-fitness-means.
18. Endometriosis treatment plan: Reconnect with others. Heal Endo. Retrieved from https://www.healendo.com/blog-1/reconnect-to-others.
19. Addressing mental health crisis: Co-regulation as a solution. LinkedIn. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/addressing-mental-health-crisis-co-regulation.
20. “The Power of Positive Thinking.” (2021, November 1). Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-power-of-positive-thinking.
21. Laganà, A. S., La Rosa, V. L., Rapisarda, A. M. C., Valenti, G., Sapia, F., Chiofalo, B., Rossetti, D., Frangež, H. B., Vrtačnik Bokal, E., & Vitale, S. G. (2017). Anxiety and depression in patients with endometriosis: Impact and management challenges. International Journal of Women’s Health, 9, 323–330. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S119729.
22. Andrade, G. (2019, December 21). The ethics of positive thinking in healthcare. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 12, 18. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i18.2148.
23. The Business Journals. (n.d.). Do this exercise to consider the life you should be leading. Retrieved August 29, 2023, from https://www.bizjournals.com/bizjournals/how-to/growth-strategies/2014/10/eulogy-exercise-for-life-you-should-be-living.html.
24. Brody, J. E. (2017, March 27). A positive outlook may be good for your health. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/27/well/live/positive-thinking-may-improve-health-and-extend-life.html.
25. Ismail, J. (2023, May 2). Mind over matter: The impact of positive thinking on health outcomes. Journal of Community Health Provision, 3, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.55885/jchp.v3i1.212.
26. Health Times. (n.d.). Having a positive attitude improves illness outcomes. Retrieved August 29, 2023, from https://healthtimes.com.au/hub/psychology/9/news/aap/having-a-positive-attitude-improves-illness-outcomes/2806/.
27. Leonardi, M., Horne, A. W., Vincent, K., Sinclair, J., Sherman, K. A., Ciccia, D., Condous, G., Johnson, N. P., & Armour, M. (2020). Self-management strategies to consider to combat endometriosis symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Human Reproduction Open, 2020(2), hoaa028. https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoaa028.
28. Davino, K. (2022, August 25). Positive affirmations for those hard chronic illness days. Endometriosis.net. Retrieved August 29, 2023, from https://endometriosis.net/living/positive-affirmations.
29. Guo, S. W., Zhang, Q., & Liu, X. (2017). Social psychogenic stress promotes the development of endometriosis in mouse. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 34(3), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.11.012.
30. Gouin, J.-P. (2011). Chronic stress, immune dysregulation, and health. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 5(6), 476–485. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827610395467.
31. Long, Q., Liu, X., Qi, Q., & Guo, S. W. (2016). Chronic stress accelerates the development of endometriosis in mouse through adrenergic receptor β2. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 31(11), 2506–2519. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew237.
32. Brasil, D. L., Montagna, E., Trevisan, C. M., La Rosa, V. L., Laganà, A. S., Barbosa, C. P., Bianco, B., & Zaia, V. (2020). Psychological stress levels in women with endometriosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Minerva Medica, 111(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4806.19.06350-X;
33. Quiñones, M., Urrutia, R., Torres-Reverón, A., Vincent, K., & Flores, I. (2015). Anxiety, coping skills and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with endometriosis. Journal of Reproductive Biology and Health, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.7243/2054-0841-3-2.
34. Romm, A. (2018, July 18). Adrenal fatigue: Is it a real thing? Aviva Romm, MD. Retrieved from https://avivaromm.com/adrenal-fatigue-real-thing/.
35. Romm, A. (n.d.). Adaptogens: Ancient medicine for 21st-century stress. Aviva Romm, MD. Retrieved February 14, 2024, from https://avivaromm.com/adaptogens-beating-stress/.
36. Haller, H. (2023, April 26). Boosting fertility success through mind-body connection. North Shore Hypnosis. Retrieved from https://nshypnosis.com/boosting-fertility-success-through-mind-body-connection/.
37. Campagne, D. M. (2006, July). Should fertilization treatment start with reducing stress? Human Reproduction, 21(7), 1651-1658. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del078.
38. Yu, T., Li, J., He, L., & Pan, X. (2022). How work stress impacts emotional outcomes of Chinese college teachers: The moderated mediating effect of stress mindset and resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10932. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710932.
39. Schultchen, D., Reichenberger, J., Mittl, T., Weh, T. R. M., Smyth, J. M., Blechert, J., & Pollatos, O. (2019). Bidirectional relationship of stress and affect with physical activity and healthy eating. British Journal of Health Psychology, 24(2), 315–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12355.
40. Heal Endo. “Natural Remedies for Endometriosis: Stress Provokes Endometriosis,” September 20, 2019. https://www.healendo.com/blog-1/reconnect.

Life Force — Stop the "Cant Sleep"

1. Romm, A. (2021). Hormone Intelligence.
2. Douillard, J. D. (2020, October 17). 10 ways to increase melatonin naturally for better sleep. John Douillard’s LifeSpa. https://lifespa.com/health-topics/sleep/10-ways-boost-melatonin-naturally/.
3. Ahmad, S. B., Ali, A., Bilal, M., Rashid, S. M., Wani, A. B., Bhat, R. R., & Rehman, M. U. (2023). Melatonin and health: Insights of melatonin action, biological functions, and associated disorders. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 43(6), 2437–2458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-023-01324-w.
4. Fortune Well. (2024, February 13). The best time to go to bed for a good night’s sleep. https://fortune.com/well/2023/05/13/best-time-to-sleep/.
5. Amsterdam, J. D., Li, Q. S., Xie, S. X., & Mao, J. J. (2020). Putative antidepressant effect of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) oral extract in subjects with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and depression. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 26(9), 813–819. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2019.0252.
6. Sleep Doctor. (2022, December 13). Cortisol: How it affects your sleep. https://sleepdoctor.com/how-sleep-works/cortisol/.
7. Keck, M. E., Nicolussi, S., Spura, K., Blohm, C., Zahner, C., & Drewe, J. (2020). Effect of the fixed combination of valerian, lemon balm, passionflower, and butterbur extracts (Ze 185) on the prescription pattern of benzodiazepines in hospitalized psychiatric patients-A retrospective case-control investigation. Phytotherapy Research, 34(6), 1436–1445. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6618.
8. Cheng, H., Lin, L., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, T., Yuan, Y., Chen, Q., & Tian, L. (2022). Aromatherapy with single essential oils can significantly improve the sleep quality of cancer patients: A meta-analysis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 22(1), 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03668-0.
9. TED. (2019, June 3). Sleep is your superpower | Matt Walker | TED [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MuIMqhT8DM.
10. Awolade, P., Cele, N., Kerru, N., Gummidi, L., Oluwakemi, E., & Singh, P. (2020). Therapeutic significance of β-glucuronidase activity and its inhibitors: A review. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 187, 111921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111921.
11. Oscar Rx. (2024, February 13). The health benefits of a gratitude routine. https://www.hioscar.com/blog/health-benefits-of-a-gratitude-routine.
12. Turnbull, C. (2023, August 1). The health benefits of nature and sunlight. https://www.claireturnbull.co.nz/recipes-news/health-benefits-of-nature-and-sunlight.
13. Pzizz. (2024, February 13). Magnesium and melatonin for sleep-Which is better? https://pzizz.com/blog/articles/magnesium-vs-melatonin-for-sleep/.
14. Al-Shahat, A., Hulail, M. A. E., Soliman, N. M. M., Khamis, T., Fericean, L. M., Arisha, A. H., Moawad, R. S. (2022). Melatonin mitigates cisplatin-induced ovarian dysfunction via altering steroidogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR/AMPK signaling pathway in female rats. Pharmaceutics, 14(12), 2769. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122769.
15. Hussain, S. A., Al-Khalifa, I. I., Jasim, N. A., Gorial, F. I. (2011). Adjuvant use of melatonin for treatment of fibromyalgia. Journal of Pineal Research, 50(3), 267–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00836.x.
16. Real Simple. (2024, February 22). Sorry, night owls: The sleep you’re missing before midnight is crucial—Here’s why. https://www.realsimple.com/health/preventative-health/sleep/sleep-before-midnight.
17. Team, Braintropic com Research. “Ashwagandha: Review of Benefits, Effects, Dosage, and More.” Braintropic (blog). Accessed April 9, 2024. https://www.braintropic.com/nootropics/ashwagandha/ .
18. Atlas Bar. “Ashwagandha and Cortisol: How Much Should You Take to Lower Levels?,” May 3, 2023. https://atlasbars.com/blogs/ashwagandha-explained/ashwagandha-and-cortisol-how-much-should-you-take-to-lower-levels .

Other — What if they don't find endo?

1. Healthline. (2023, March 1). No Endometriosis Found During Laparoscopy: 7 FAQs. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/no-endometriosis-found-during-laparoscopy
2. NancysNookEndo. (n.d.). Endometriosis: But Your Tests Are All Negative? Retrieved October 6, 2023, from https://nancysnookendo.com/endometriosis-but-your-tests-are-all-negative/
3. Endometriosis South Coast. (2022, November). How to Navigate No Endo Found During Surgery [PDF]. Retrieved from https://endometriosissouthcoast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/How-to-Navigate-No-Endo-Found-During-Surgery-1-compressed.pdf
4. Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics & Gynecology. (n.d.). Management of Pelvic Pain after Negative Diagnostic Laparoscopy. SASGOG Pearls of Exxcellence. Retrieved October 6, 2023, from https://www.exxcellence.org/list-of-pearls/diagnosis-of-non-endometriosis-pelvic-pain-after-negative-diagnostic-laparoscopy/
5. Pascoal, E., Wessels, J. M., Aas-Eng, M. K., Abrao, M. S., Condous, G., Jurkovic, D.,... Espada, M. (2022). Strengths and Limitations of Diagnostic Tools for Endometriosis and Relevance in Diagnostic Test Accuracy Research. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 60(3), 309–327. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.24892
6. Healthline. (n.d.). Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/abdominal-wall-endometriosis#symptoms
7. Steele, L. A., Mooney, S. S., Gilbee, E. S., & Grover, S. R. (2023). When You See Nothing at All: Outcomes Following a Negative Laparoscopy. A Systematic Review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13749
8. Balogh DB, Hudelist G, Bļizņuks D, Raghothama J, Becker CM, Horace R, Krentel H, Horne AW, Bourdel N, Marki G, Tomassetti C, Kirk UB, Acs N, Bokor A. FEMaLe: The use of machine learning for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on patient self-reported data-Study protocol of a multicenter trial. PLoS One. 2024 May 9;19(5):e0300186. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38722932/

Hormones — What they don't teach you

1. Chantalat, E., Valera, M.-C., Vaysse, C., Noirrit, E., Rusidze, M., Weyl, A., Vergriete, K., et al. (2020). Estrogen receptors and endometriosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(8), 2815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082815
2. Attar, E., & Bulun, S.E. (2006). Aromatase and other steroidogenic genes in endometriosis: Translational aspects. Human Reproduction Update, 12(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmi034
3. Nancy's Nook Endo. (2023, December 6). What is endometriosis → Progesterone resistance in endometriosis. https://nancysnookendo.com/learning-library/what-is-endometriosis/
4. Vannuccini, S., Clemenza, S., Rossi, M., & Petraglia, F. (2022). Hormonal treatments for endometriosis: The endocrine background. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 23(3), 333–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-021-09666-w
5. Kraus, J. (2021, September 22). Estrogen metabolism. FxMed. https://fxmed.co.nz/estrogen-metabolism/
6. Golden Leaf Health Center. (2021, August 22). What does DUTCH test measure? (Hint: It’s important!). https://goldenleafhc.com/what-does-dutch-test-measure-hint-its-important/
7. MDPI. (2023, December 7). Endometriosis: Update of pathophysiology, (epi) genetic and environmental involvement. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/3/978
8. Endocrine Society. (n.d.). Hormones and endocrine function. https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function
9. Watson, P. (2019, November 19). Your blood sugar may be driving your hormone imbalance. HormoneWellness MD. https://hormonewellnessmd.com/womens-health/blood-sugar
10. Haffner, S. M. (1996). Sex hormone-binding protein, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Hormone Research, 45(3–5), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.1159/000184794
11. Joseph, D. N., & Whirledge, S. (2017). Stress and the HPA Axis: Balancing homeostasis and fertility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(10), 2224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102224
12. Fenelon, J. C., Banerjee, A., & Murphy, B. D. (2014). Embryonic diapause: Development on hold. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 58(2-4), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.140074bm
13. Kalantaridou, S. N., Zoumakis, E., Makrigiannakis, A., Lavasidis, L. G., Vrekoussis, T., & Chrousos, G. P. (2010). Corticotropin-releasing hormone, stress and human reproduction: An update. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 85(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2010.02.005
14. Zhou, F.-j., Cai, Y.-n., & Dong, Y.-z. (2019). Stress increases the risk of pregnancy failure in couples undergoing IVF. Stress, 22(4), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2019.1584181
15. Son, Y. L., Ubuka, T., & Tsutsui, K. (2022). Regulation of stress response on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis via gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 64, 100953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100953
16. GoodRx. (2024, February 22). How stress can affect your menstrual cycle. https://www.goodrx.com/health-topic/womens-health/how-does-stress-affect-your-period
17. Hu, S., Ding, Q., Zhang, W., Kang, M., Ma, J., & Zhao, L. (2023). Gut microbial beta-glucuronidase: A vital regulator in female estrogen metabolism. Gut Microbes, 15(1), 2236749. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2236749
18. Emond, J. P., Caron, P., Pušić, M., Turcotte, V., Simonyan, D., Vogler, A., Osredkar, J., Rižner, T. L., & Guillemette, C. (2023). Circulating estradiol and its biologically active metabolites in endometriosis and in relation to pain symptoms. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 1034614. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1034614
19. Haspel, J. A., Anafi, R., Brown, M. K., Cermakian, N., Depner, C., Desplats, P., Gelman, A. E., Haack, M., Jelic, S., Kim, B. S., Laposky, A. D., Lee, Y. C., Mongodin, E., Prather, A. A., Prendergast, B. J., Reardon, C., Shaw, A. C., Sengupta, S., Szentirmai, É., Thakkar, M., … Solt, L. A. (2020). Perfect timing: Circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity - An NIH workshop summary. JCI Insight, 5(1), e131487. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.131487
20. Shafrir, A. L., Mu, F., Eliassen, A. H., Thombre Kulkarni, M., Terry, K. L., Hankinson, S. E., & Missmer, S. A. (2023). Endogenous steroid hormone concentrations and risk of endometriosis in Nurses' Health Study II. American Journal of Epidemiology, 192(4), 573–586. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwac219
21. AJMC. (2020, August 6). Insomnia overview: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and monitoring, and nonpharmacologic therapy. https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
22. Koninckx, P. R., Fernandes, R., Ussia, A., Schindler, L., Wattiez, A., Al-Suwaidi, S., Amro, B., Al-Maamari, B., Hakim, Z., & Tahlak, M. (2021). Pathogenesis based diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 745548. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.745548
23. Poza, J. J., Pujol, M., Ortega-Albás, J. J., & Romero, O. (2022). Melatonin in sleep disorders. Neurología (English Edition), 37(7), 575–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.08.004
24. Huang, G., Bhasin, S., Pencina, K., Cheng, M., & Jasuja, R. (2022). Circulating dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and free testosterone levels and dihydrotestosterone-to-testosterone ratios in healthy women across the menstrual cycle. Fertility and Sterility, 118(6), 1150–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.09.011
25. MyFoodData. (2023, October 16). Top 10 foods highest in tryptophan. https://www.myfooddata.com/articles/high-tryptophan-foods.php
26. Marquardt, R. M., Kim, T. H., Shin, J. H., & Jeong, J. W. (2019). Progesterone and estrogen signaling in the endometrium: What goes wrong in endometriosis? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(15), 3822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153822
27. Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019). The sleep-immune crosstalk in health and disease. Physiological Reviews, 99(3), 1325–1380. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2018
28. Youseflu, S., Jahanian Sadatmahalleh, S., Roshanzadeh, G., Mottaghi, A., Kazemnejad, A., & Moini, A. (2020). Effects of endometriosis on sleep quality of women: Does lifestyle factor make a difference? BMC Women's Health, 20(1), 168. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01036-z

Other — Endo Self-Assessment

1. Endometriosis New Zealand. (n.d.). Adenomyosis. Retrieved September 21, 2023, from https://nzendo.org.nz/ask-an-expert/adenomyosis/
2. Endometriosis: Causes - Symptoms - Diagnosis - and Treatment. (2022, September 22). What You Need to Know About Adenomyosis. Retrieved from https://www.endofound.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-adenomyosis/
3. Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Endometriosis. Retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/endometriosis/
4. World Health Organization. (n.d.). Endometriosis. Retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis/
5. Healthline. (n.d.). PID vs. Endometriosis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment. Retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://www.healthline.com/health/pid-vs-endometriosis
6. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). (n.d.). Endometriosis Clinical Practice Guideline. Retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://ranzcog.edu.au/resources/endometriosis-clinical-practice-guideline/
7. Seckin Endometriosis Center. (n.d.). Stages of Endometriosis. Retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://drseckin.com/stages-of-endometriosis/
8. Everyday Health. (n.d.). Types and Stages of Endometriosis. Retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://www.everydayhealth.com/endometriosis/types-and-stages-of-endometriosis/
9. Verywell Health. (n.d.). Can Endometriosis Cause IBS? Retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/endometriosis-or-ibs-1945368/
10. Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2022, June 30). Adenomyosis. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/adenomyosis/
11. Heal Endo. (2023, August 25). Do I Have Endometriosis? Quiz. Retrieved from https://www.healendo.com/blog-1/2023/8/25/do-i-have-endometriosis-quiz?ss_source=sscampaigns&ss_campaign_id=65051694bfa2ee0835c1541c&ss_email_id=65082dc7d95f9a1619c87018&ss_campaign_name=Quiz%3A+Do+I+have+endometriosis%3F+Plus+Low+Carb+Crackers+and+50%2F50+Meatballs%21&ss_campaign_sent_date=2023-09-18T11%3A00%3A56Z

Endo Belly — Think Plant Centric

1. EverydayHealth.com. (2022, March 22). How EPI impacts gut health and what that means for your overall health. https://www.everydayhealth.com/exocrine-pancreatic-insufficiency/gut-health-and-illness-and-diseases/.
2. D'Alterio, M. N., Giuliani, C., Scicchitano, F., Laganà, A. S., Oltolina, N. M., Sorrentino, F., Nappi, L., Orrù, G., & Angioni, S. (2021). Possible role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Minerva Obstet Gynecol, 73(2), 193-214. https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04788-2.
3. Endometriosis Dietitian. (2023, July 12). Bloating, acid reflux & loose stools with endometriosis? Your pancreas may be the culprit. https://www.endometriosisdietitian.ca/blog/low-pancreatic-elastase-and-endometriosis.
4. Barnard, N. D., Holtz, D. N., Schmidt, N., Kolipaka, S., Hata, E., Sutton, M., Znayenko-Miller, T., Hazen, N. D., Cobb, C., & Kahleova, H. (2023). Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis: A review. Front Nutr, 10, 1089891. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1089891.
5. Center for Nutrition Studies. (2024, January 20). Reinforce your immune system with plant-based nutrition. https://nutritionstudies.org/reinforce-your-immune-system-with-plant-based-nutrition/.
6. Nutrition Guide for Clinicians. (2024, January 20). Endometriosis. https://nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342065/all/Endometriosis?refer=true.
7. Liu, H., Liao, C., Wu, L., Tang, J., Chen, J., Lei, C., Zheng, L.,... & Others. (2022). Ecological dynamics of the gut microbiome in response to dietary fiber. The ISME Journal, 16(8), 2040–2055. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-022-01253-4.
8. Gogga, P., Janczy, A., Szupryczyńska, N., Śliwińska, A., Kochan, Z., & Malgorzewicz, S. (2022). Plant-based diets contribute to lower circulating leptin in healthy subjects independently of BMI. Acta Biochim Pol, 69(4), 879-882. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2020_6388.
9. Barnard, N. D., Scialli, A. R., Hurlock, D., Bertron, P., & Others. (2000). Diet and sex-hormone binding globulin, dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual symptoms. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 95(2), 245-50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10674588/
10. Thistle. (2024, January 20). How plant-based diets have been shown to affect gut health. https://www.thistle.co/learn/thistle-thoughts/how-plant-based-diets-have-been-shown-to-affect-gut-health.
11. Voinea, T. (2019, September 26). Why I went plant centric for my hormones. https://talidavoinea.au/why-i-went-plant-based-for-my-hormones/.
12. Access Medical Labs Blogs. (2023, November 30). The impact of a plant-based diet on hormones and overall health. https://accessmedlab.com/blogs/2023/11/30/the-impact-of-a-plant-based-diet-on-hormones-and-overall-health/.
13. Basiji, K., Aghamohammadi Sendani, A., Baradaran Ghavami, S., Farmani, M., Kazemifard, N., Sadeghi, A., Lotfali, E., & Asadzadeh Aghdaei, H. (2023). The critical role of gut-brain axis microbiome in mental disorders. Metabolic Brain Disease, 38(8), 2547–2561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-023-01248-w.
14. Budani, M. C., & Tiboni, G. M. (2023). Nutrition, female fertility and in vitro fertilization outcomes. Reproductive Toxicology, 118, 108370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108370.
15. Chavarro, J. E., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Rosner, B. A., & Willett, W. C. (2007). Diet and lifestyle in the prevention of ovulatory disorder infertility. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 110(5), 1050–1058. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000287293.25465.e1.
16. Cooke, J. P. (2019). Inflammation and its role in regeneration and repair. Circulation Research, 124(8), 1166–1168. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.314669.
17. Dandrea-Russert, N. (2020, October 12). 7 plant-based foods for hormonal balance. Purely Planted. https://www.purelyplanted.com/post/7-plant-based-foods-for-hormonal-balance.
18. Dias, M. C., Pinto, D. C. G. A., & Silva, A. M. S. (2021). Plant flavonoids: Chemical characteristics and biological activity. Molecules, 26(17), 5377. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175377.
19. Engevik, M. A., Luck, B., Visuthranukul, C., Ihekweazu, F. D., Engevik, A. C., Shi, Z., Danhof, H. A., Chang-Graham, A. L., Hall, A., Endres, B. T., Haidacher, S. J., Horvath, T. D., Haag, A. M., Devaraj, S., Garey, K. W., Britton, R. A., Hyser, J. M., Shroyer, N. F., & Versalovic, J. (2021). Human-derived Bifidobacterium dentium modulates the mammalian serotonergic system and gut-brain axis. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 11(1), 221–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.002.
20. Luxurious Magazine. (2023, January 18). Here’s how a vegan diet could unlock the door to better sleep. https://www.luxuriousmagazine.com/vegan-diet-better-sleep/.
21. Molecular Psychiatry. (2024, January 20). The gut microbiome and mental health: Advances in research and emerging priorities. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01479-w.
22. NZ Nutrition Foundation. (2022, July 14). Fat. https://nutritionfoundation.org.nz/nutrition-facts/Nutrients/fat/.
23. Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. D., & Chandra, S. R. (2016). Flavonoids: An overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5, e47. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41.
24. Pedroza Matute, S., & Iyavoo, S. (2023). Exploring the gut microbiota: Lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1225120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1225120.
25. Sidhu SRK, Kok CW, Kunasegaran T, Ramadas A. (2023). Effect of plant-based diets on gut microbiota: A systematic review of interventional studies. Nutrients, 15(6), 1510. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061510.
26. Skoracka, K., Ratajczak, A. E., Rychter, A. M., Dobrowolska, A., & Krela-Kaźmierczak, I. (2021). Female fertility and the nutritional approach: The most essential aspects. Advances in Nutrition, 12(6), 2372–2386. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab068.
27. Wastyk, H. C., Fragiadakis, G. K., Perelman, D., Dahan, D., Merrill, B. D., Yu, F. B., Topf, M., et al. (2021). Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status. Cell, 184(16), 4137–4153.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.019.
28. Watanabe, Fumio, Yukinori Yabuta, Tomohiro Bito, and Fei Teng. “Vitamin B12-Containing Plant Food Sources for Vegetarians.” Nutrients 6, no. 5 (May 2014): 1861–73. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6051861.
29. Wiertsema, S. P., van Bergenhenegouwen, J., Garssen, J., & Knippels, L. M. J. (2021). The interplay between the gut microbiome and the immune system in the context of infectious diseases throughout life and the role of nutrition in optimizing treatment strategies. Nutrients, 13(3), 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030886.
30. Zheng, D., Liwinski, T., & Elinav, E. (2020). Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease. Cell Research, 30(6), 492–506. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0332-7.

Other — EndoFit Foundations

1. Edmonds, K. (2022). Heal Endo: An Anti-inflammatory Approach to Healing from Endometriosis. Heal Endo LLC.
2. Charatsi, D., Koukoura, O., Ntavela, I. G., Chintziou, F., Gkorila, G., Tsagkoulis, M.,... Daponte, A. (2018). Gastrointestinal and urinary tract endometriosis: A review on the commonest locations of extrapelvic endometriosis. Advances in Medicine, 2018, 3461209. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3461209
3. LevelUpRN. (n.d.). Med-Surg Endocrine System, Part 2: Organs, Glands & Hormone Overview. LevelUpRN. https://www.leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/endocrine-system-2-organs-glands-hormone-overview
4. jetdigitaldev. (2023, August 8). Endometriosis and its relationship with the gastrointestinal system. Leo Treyzon, MD. https://treyzonmed.com/endometriosis-and-its-relationship-with-the-gastrointestinal-system/
5. Solan, M. (2023, January 1). Stopping pain before it turns chronic. Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/stopping-pain-before-it-turns-chronic
6. Bashir, S. T., Redden, C. R., Raj, K., Arcanjo, R. B., Stasiak, S., Li, Q.,... Nowak, R. A. (2023, March 6). Endometriosis leads to central nervous system-wide glial activation in a mouse model of endometriosis. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 20(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-023-02713-0
7. Women’s and Men’s Health Physiotherapy. (2021, December 14). Endometriosis and the nervous system. https://www.wmhp.com.au/blogs/endometriosis-and-nervous-system
8. Alesi, S., Villani, A., Mantzioris, E., Takele, W. W., Cowan, S., Moran, L. J., & Mousa, A. (2022, September 21). Anti-inflammatory diets in fertility: An evidence review. Nutrients, 14(19), 3914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193914
9. MD, Shmerling, R. H. (2023, February 10). Does inflammation contribute to infertility? Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/does-inflammation-contribute-to-infertility-202302102888
10. Omoigui, S. (2007). The biochemical origin of pain: The origin of all pain is inflammation and the inflammatory response. Part 2 of 3 –Inflammatory profile of pain syndromes. Medical Hypotheses, 69(6), 1169–1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2007.06.033
11. "plant centric Diet Promotes Estrogen Detox and Weight Loss | The Fork Clinic." Accessed December 30, 2023. https://www.theforkclinic.com/post/hormone-series-part-4-plant-based-promotes-estrogen-detox
12. Barnard, N. D., Holtz, D. N., Schmidt, N., Kolipaka, S., Hata, E., Sutton, M.,... Kahleova, H. (2023, February 17). Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis: A review. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1089891. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1089891
13. "Eating a Plant-Rich Diet May Help Against Endometriosis, Finds New Scientific Review." Accessed December 30, 2023. https://www.pcrm.org/news/news-releases/eating-plant-rich-diet-may-help-against-endometriosis-finds-new-scientific
14. "Fertility Diet | Loma Linda University Center for IVF Blog." Accessed December 30, 2023. https://lomalindafertility.com/fertility-diet-cut-junk/
15. Coxon, L., Wiech, K., & Vincent, K. (2021, November 4). Is there a neuropathic-like component to endometriosis-associated pain? Results from a large cohort questionnaire study. Frontiers in Pain Research, 2, 743812. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2021.743812
16. "Hormone Imbalance & Your Liver: What You Need To Know - SFI Health." Accessed December 30, 2023. https://www.flordis.com.au/health-insights/liver-health-detox/hormone-imbalance-and-the-liver/
17. BePure Wellness. (n.d.). Why loving your liver is key to hormone balance. https://bepure.co.nz/blog/liver-loving-hormone-balance/
18. "Gut Microbial β-Glucuronidases Reactivate Estrogens as Components of the Estrobolome That Reactivate Estrogens - PMC." Accessed December 30, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901331/
19. Evers, J. L. H. (2013, August). Is adolescent endometriosis a progressive disease that needs to be diagnosed and treated? Human Reproduction, 28(8), 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/det298
20. "Recent Advances in Endometriosis: From Bench to Clinical Application | Frontiers Research Topic." Accessed February 12, 2024. https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/43281/recent-advances-in-endometriosis-from-bench-to-clinical-application/articles
21. "Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Endometriosis | The BMJ." Accessed February 12, 2024. https://www.bmj.com/content/379/bmj-2022-070750
22. Endometriosis: Causes - Symptoms - Diagnosis - and Treatment. (2023, October 12). Dr. Danielle Luciano's endometriosis journey: Early intervention and hope. https://www.endofound.org/dr.-danielle-lucianos-endometriosis-journey-early-intervention-and-hope
23. MSc, Azevedo, M. (2015, June 24). Early detection and intervention in adolescent ovarian endometriosis. Endometriosis News. https://endometriosisnews.com/2015/06/24/early-detection-intervention-adolescent-ovarian-endometriosis/
24. Wei, Y., Liang, Y., Lin, H., Dai, Y., & Yao, S. (2020, March 7). Autonomic nervous system and inflammation interaction in endometriosis-associated pain. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 17(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01752-1

Hormones — Why you want the perfect period

1. Kachmer, K. (2019, November). Seeing Red: The One Book Every Woman Needs to Read. Simon & Schuster.
2. "NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development." (2017, January 31). What causes menstrual irregularities? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/causes.
3. Vanhanen, M. (2022, June 7). Your period is a reflection of your health. Aurelia Psychology. https://aureliapsychology.com/your-period.
4. “Irregular and Long Menstrual Cycles Linked to Greater Risk of Early Death | BMJ.” Accessed June 20, 2023. https://www.bmj.com/company/newsroom/irregular-and-long-menstrual-cycles-linked-to-greater-risk-of-early-death/.
5. “Health Benefits of Regular Periods – Women’s Health Network.” Accessed June 20, 2023. https://www.womenshealthnetwork.com/pms-and-menstruation/health-benefits-regular-periods/.
6. “How to Manage Irregular Periods.” Proov. Accessed June 20, 2023. https://proovtest.com/blogs/blog/how-to-manage-irregular-periods.
7. . (2021, March 17). Hormone balancing for endometriosis treatment. Marion Gluck Clinic. https://www.mariongluckclinic.com/blog/hormone-balancing-for-the-treatment-of-endometriosis.html.
8. MD, Arora, S. (2013, October 7). Health benefits of regular menstrual periods. Women’s Health Network. https://www.womenshealthnetwork.com/pms-and-menstruation/health-benefits-regular-periods/.
9. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body’s natural blueprint for well-being (First edition). HarperOne.

Hormones — Get off The Pill

1. Endowithstacenz Instagram. (n.d.). [Instagram post]. Retrieved from https://www.instagram.com/p/Cug0RyHPycd/?igshid=Y2IzZGU1MTFhOQ==
2. Ministry of Health NZ. (n.d.). Contraception: Findings from the 2014/15 New Zealand Health Survey. Retrieved August 10, 2023, from https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/contraception-findings-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey
3. Romm, A. (n.d.). Hormone Intelligence (Chapter 10, pp. 291-302). Aviva Romm.
4. “Birth Control And Hormone Imbalance - What To Watch For | Amen Clinics.” (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2023, from https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/the-truth-about-birth-control-pills-and-hormones/
5. spunout. (2018, July 5). What’s the Difference between the Combined and Mini Pill? https://spunout.ie/sex-relationships/contraception/contraceptive-pill-combined
6. Healthline. (2016, December 21). Mirena: A Hormonal IUD for Birth Control. https://www.healthline.com/health/birth-control/mirena
7. “Depo-Provera® (Birth Control Shot): How It Works, Risks & Benefits.” (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2023, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/4086-depo-provera-birth-control-shot
8. Wiedel, Dr. Beth. (2020, April 27). Birth Control Options: Pros and Cons of Pills, IUDs, Condoms and Shots. https://madisonwomenshealth.com/blog/birth-control-options-pills-iuds-implants-shots/
9. ZRT Laboratory. (2018, November 1). Why I’m One OB/GYN Who Is Not Prescribing the Birth Control Pill. https://www.zrtlab.com/blog/archive/obgyn-not-prescribing-the-birth-control-pill/

Hormones — Eliminate Toxins

1. Murnane, J. (2021). Know your endo: An empowering guide to health and hope with endometriosis (pp. 223-232). Headline Home.
2. Gálvez-Ontiveros, Y., Páez, S., Monteagudo, C., & Rivas, A. (2020). Endocrine disruptors in food: Impact on gut microbiota and metabolic diseases. Nutrients, 12(4), 1158. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041158.
3. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body’s natural blueprint for well-being (First edition) (pp. 276-291, 302-311). HarperOne.
4. “Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs),” (2022, January 24). Retrieved from https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/edcs.
5. Street, M. E., Angelini, S., Bernasconi, S., Burgio, E., Cassio, A., Catellani, C.,... & Fanos, V. (2018). Current knowledge on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from animal biology to humans, from pregnancy to adulthood: Highlights from a national Italian meeting. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(6), 1647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061647.
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8. Keyhan, H., Bidgoli, S. A., & Kashi, A. M. (2016). Increased risk of endometriosis by long term exposure to xenoestrogens: A case control study in Iranian women. Journal of Pharmaceutical & Health Sciences, 4(1), 79-86. https://jphs.tms.iau.ir/article_523793.html.
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10. Kim, H., Lee, M., Hwang, H., Chung, Y. J., Cho, H. H., Yoon, H.,... & Park, S. (2021). The estimated prevalence and incidence of endometriosis with the Korean national health insurance service-national sample cohort (NHIS-NSC): A national population-based study. Journal of Epidemiology, 31(12), 593-600. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20200002.
11. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (n.d.). Endocrine disruptors. Retrieved April 18, 2023, from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm.
12. Upson, K., Sathyanarayana, S., De Roos, A. J., Thompson, M. L., Scholes, D., Dills, R., & Holt, V. L. (2013). Phthalates and risk of endometriosis. Environmental Research, 126, 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.07.003.
13. Wen, X., Xiong, Y., Qu, X., Jin, L., Zhou, C., Zhang, M., & Zhang, Y. (2019). The risk of endometriosis after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals: A meta-analysis of 30 epidemiology studies. Gynecological Endocrinology, 35(8), 645-650. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2019.1590546.
14. Wen, X., Xiong, Y., Jin, L., Zhang, M., Huang, L., Mao, Y.,... & Zhang, Y. (2020). Bisphenol A exposure enhances endometrial stromal cell invasion and has a positive association with peritoneal endometriosis. Reproductive Sciences, 27(2), 704-712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-019-00076-7.
15. Vessa, B., Perlman, B., McGovern, P. G., & Morelli, S. S. (2022). Endocrine disruptors and female fertility: A review of pesticide and plasticizer effects. F&S Reports, 3(2), 86-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2022.04.003.
16. Panagiotou, E. M., Ojasalo, V., & Damdimopoulou, P. (2021). Phthalates, ovarian function and fertility in adulthood. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 35(5), 101552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2021.101552.
17. Krause, M., Wheeler, T. L., Richter, H. E., & Snyder, T. E. (2010). Systemic effects of vaginally administered estrogen therapy: A review. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 16(3), 188-195. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181d7e86e.
18. Gupta, S. (2020, November 26). Struggling with hormonal imbalance? Cut these 6 foods out of your diet. Healthshots. Retrieved from https://www.healthshots.com/healthy-eating/nutrition/struggling-with-hormonal-imbalance-cut-these-6-foods-out-of-your-diet/.
19. Breast Cancer Prevention Partners (BCPP). (n.d.). Dioxins. Retrieved May 4, 2023, from https://www.bcpp.org/resource/dioxins/.
20. Peinado, F. M., Lendínez, I., Sotelo, R., Iribarne-Durán, L. M., Fernández-Parra, J., Vela-Soria, F.,... & Olea, N. (2020). Association of urinary levels of bisphenols A, F, and S with endometriosis risk: Preliminary results of the EndEA study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041194.
21. Heal Endo. (2022, March 28). How do you get endometriosis part 1: The cell. Heal Endo. Retrieved from https://www.healendo.com/blog-1/2022/3/27/the-making-of-a-monster-creating-an-endo-like-cell.
22. Heal Endo. (n.d.). Endometriosis awareness: Chemicals and endometriosis. Heal Endo. Retrieved from https://www.healendo.com/blog-1/toxin-free?rq=endocrine%20disruptor.
23. Vélez, M. P., Arbuckle, T. E., & Fraser, W. D. (2015). Maternal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of developing endometriosis in daughters. Environmental Research, 142, 215-222. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27653964/
24. Marques-Pinto A, Carvalho D. Human infertility: are endocrine disruptors to blame? Endocr Connect. 2013 Sep 17;2(3):R15-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0036. PMID: 23985363; PMCID: PMC3845732. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3845732/
25. Upson, K., De Roos, A. J., Thompson, M. L., Sathyanarayana, S., Scholes, D., Barr, D. B., & Holt, V. L. (2013). Organochlorine pesticides and risk of endometriosis: Findings from a population-based case–control study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(11-12), 1319-1324. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3855515/
26. Buck Louis GM, Peterson CM, Chen Z, Croughan M, Sundaram R, Stanford J, Varner MW, Kennedy A, Giudice L, Fujimoto VY, Sun L, Wang L, Guo Y, Kannan K. Bisphenol A and phthalates and endometriosis: the Endometriosis: Natural History, Diagnosis and Outcomes Study. Fertil Steril. 2013 Jul;100(1):162-9.e1-2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.03.026. Epub 2013 Apr 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3700684/
27. Dietert, R. R. (2011). Role of developmental immunotoxicity and immune dysfunction in chronic disease and cancer. Reproductive Toxicology, 31(3), 319–326. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20854896/
28. Gore, A. C., Chappell, V. A., Fenton, S. E., Flaws, J. A., Nadal, A., Prins, G. S.,... Zoeller, R. T. (2015). EDC-2: The Endocrine Society’s second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Endocrine Reviews, 36(6), E1–E150. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26544531/
29. Jiang J, Zhuang Y, Si S, Cheng H, Alifu X, Mo M, Zhou H, Liu H, Yu Y. The Association of Reproductive Hormones During the Menstrual Period with Primary Dysmenorrhea. Int J Womens Health. 2023 Oct 9;15:1501-1514. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10573379/
30. Caserta, D., Di Segni, N., Mallozzi, M., Giovanale, V., & Mantovani, A. (2014). Bisphenol A and the female reproductive tract: An overview of recent laboratory evidence and epidemiological studies. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 12(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-12-37

Hormones — Do the DUTCH

1. ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). 16alpha Hydroxyestrone - an Overview. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/16alpha-hydroxyestrone
2. HealthMatters Io. (n.d.). 16-OH-E1. https://healthmatters.io/understand-blood-test-results/16-oh-e1
3. Simitsidellis, I., Saunders, P. T. K., & Gibson, D. A. (2018, April 15). Androgens and Endometrium: New Insights and New Targets. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 465, 48–60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28919297/
4. Pippa Campbell Health. (2022, August 16). Dutch Hormone Test Explained. https://www.pippacampbellhealth.com/blog/dutch-hormone-test-explained/
5. Monnin, N., Fattet, A. J., & Koscinski, I. (2023, March). Endometriosis: Update of Pathophysiology, (Epi) Genetic and Environmental Involvement. Biomedicines, 11(3), 978. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36979957/
6. Othman, E. R., Markeb, A. A., Khashbah, M. Y., Abdelaal, I. I., ElMelegy, T. T., Fetih, A. N.,... Mijatovic, V. (2021, April). Markers of Local and Systemic Estrogen Metabolism in Endometriosis. Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 28(4), 1001–1011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33216295/
7. Monnin, N., Fattet, A. J., & Koscinski, I. (2023, March). Update of Pathophysiology, (Epi) Genetic and Environmental Involvement. Biomedicines, 11(3), 978. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36979957/
8. Golden Leaf Health Center. (2021, August 22). What Does DUTCH Test Measure? (Hint: It’s Important!). https://goldenleafhc.com/what-does-dutch-test-measure-hint-its-important/
9. Brighten, J. (2017, May 13). What Is Estrogen Dominance, and What to Do About It. https://drbrighten.com/what-is-estrogen-dominance-what-to-do-about-it/
10. BePure Wellness. (n.d.). What Is Oestrogen Dominance?. https://bepure.co.nz/blog/oestrogen-dominance/

Hormones — Zinc

1. Center for Family Medicine - Sherman Texas. (2019, January 21). 10 Signs and Symptoms of Zinc Deficiency. https://centerforfamilymedicine.com/nutritional-information/10-signs-and-symptoms-of-zinc-deficiency/
2. WebMD. (n.d.). Foods High in Zinc. https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/what-to-know-about-benefits-of-zinc
3. De Benedictis, C. A., Trame, S., Rink, L., & Grabrucker, A. M. (2022, October 12). Prevalence of Low Dietary Zinc Intake in Women and Pregnant Women in Ireland. Irish Journal of Medical Science. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36224463/
4. Garner, T. B., Hester, J. M., Carothers, A., & Diaz, F. J. (2021, February 17). Role of Zinc in Female Reproduction. Biology of Reproduction, 104(5), 48–60. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8599883/
5. Labuschagne, G. P., Odendaal, H. J., & Esterhuysen, A. J. (1982, September 25). Serum Zinc Levels in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde, 62(14). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7123403/

Endo Belly — Got Endobelly? Here's Why

1. Edmonds, K. https://www.healendo.com/the-book
2. Nutri Advanced. (2023, August 31). Nurture your gut health to support oestrogen balance. https://www.nutriadvanced.co.uk/news/nurture-your-gut-health-to-support-oestrogen-balance/
3. Tiny Health. (2023, November 12). How long does it take for good bacteria to restore after antibiotics? https://www.tinyhealth.com/blog/how-long-does-it-take-for-good-bacteria-to-restore-after-antibiotics
4. PubMed. (n.d.). Beta-glucuronidase activity related to bacterial growth in common bile duct bile in gallstone patients. Accessed August 31, 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3344403/
5. Microba. (n.d.). Beta-glucuronidase: Friend or foe. Accessed August 31, 2023. https://insight.microba.com/beta-glucuronidase-friend-or-foe/
6. Atlas Biomed Blog. (2022, June 24). 7 tips to boost microbiome diversity and balance. https://atlasbiomed.com/blog/7-tips-to-boost-microbiome-diversity-and-balance/
7. Falconer, A. (2020, March 5). How long does it take for gut flora to restore after antibiotics? Healthpath. https://healthpath.com/gut-health/how-long-restore-gut-health-after-antibiotics/
8. Romm, A. (2021, April 13). The estrobolome: The fascinating way your gut impacts your estrogen levels. Aviva Romm, MD. https://avivaromm.com/estrobolome/
9. LiSpine. (2023, November 12). 10 telling signs you could have low stomach acid. https://www.lispine.com/blog/10-telling-signs-you-could-have-low-stomach-acid
10. The Functional Gut Clinic. (2022, June 28). Low stomach acid – Everything you need to know. https://thefunctionalgutclinic.com/blog/news/low-stomach-acid-everything-you-need-to-know/
11. The Endo Fertility Specialist. (2020, September 16). EF #10 Five reasons why stomach acid is so important (Part 1). https://endofertilityspecialist.com/ef-10-five-reasons-why-stomach-acid-is-so-important-part-1/
12. Medical News Today. (2018, July 17). Hypochlorhydria (low stomach acid): Causes, symptoms, and treatment. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322491
13. Takeda, T., Yoshimi, K., Kai, S., Ozawa, G., Yamada, K., & Hiramatsu, K. (2022). Characteristics of the gut microbiota in women with premenstrual symptoms: A cross-sectional study. PloS One, 17(5), e0268466. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268466
14. Jiang, I., Yong, P. J., Allaire, C., & Bedaiwy, M. A. (2021). Intricate connections between the microbiota and endometriosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(11), 5644. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115644
15. Parida, S., & Sharma, D. (2019). The microbiome-estrogen connection and breast cancer risk. Cells, 8(12), 1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121642
16. Cuevas-Sierra, A., Ramos-Lopez, O., Riezu-Boj, J. I., Milagro, F. I., & Martinez, J. A. (2019). Diet, gut microbiota, and obesity: Links with host genetics and epigenetics and potential applications. Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 10(suppl_1), S17–S30. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy078
17. Hantsoo, L., & Zemel, B. S. (2021). Stress gets into the belly: Early life stress and the gut microbiome. Behavioural Brain Research, 414, 113474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113474
18. Bindu, S., Mazumder, S., & Bandyopadhyay, U. (2020). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and organ damage: A current perspective. Biochemical Pharmacology, 180, 114147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114147
19. Shimizu, Y., Yamamura, R., Yokoi, Y., Ayabe, T., Ukawa, S., Nakamura, K., Okada, E., Imae, A., Nakagawa, T., Tamakoshi, A., & Nakamura, K. (2023). Shorter sleep time relates to lower human defensin 5 secretion and compositional disturbance of the intestinal microbiota accompanied by decreased short-chain fatty acid production. Gut Microbes, 15(1), 2190306. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2190306
20. Kiecka, A., & Szczepanik, M. (2023). Proton pump inhibitor-induced gut dysbiosis and immunomodulation: Current knowledge and potential restoration by probiotics. Pharmacological Reports: PR, 75(4), 791–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-023-00489-x
21. Gu, M., Samuelson, D. R., Taylor, C. M., Molina, P. E., Luo, M., Siggins, R. W., Shellito, J. E., & Welsh, D. A. (2021). Alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis alters mucosal-associated invariant T-cell phenotype and function. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 45(5), 934–947. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14589
22. Alghetaa, H., Mohammed, A., Singh, N. P., Bloomquist, R. F., Chatzistamou, I., Nagarkatti, M., & Nagarkatti, P. (2023). Estrobolome dysregulation is associated with altered immunometabolism in a mouse model of endometriosis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1261781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1261781
23. Carabotti, M., Scirocco, A., Maselli, M. A., & Severi, C. (2015). The gut-brain axis: Interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Annals of Gastroenterology, 28(2), 203-209. PMID: 25830558; PMCID: PMC4367209. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4367209/
24. Almand, A. T., Anderson, A. P., Hitt, B. D., et al. (2022). The influence of perceived stress on the human microbiome. BMC Research Notes, 15, 193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-022-06066-4
25. Madison, A., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2019). Stress, depression, diet, and the gut microbiota: Human-bacteria interactions at the core of psychoneuroimmunology and nutrition. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 28, 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.011
26. Song, Z., Song, R., Liu, Y., Wu, Z., & Zhang, X. (2023). Effects of ultra-processed foods on the microbiota-gut-brain axis: The bread-and-butter issue. Food Research International, 167, 112730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112730
27. Christ, A., Lauterbach, M., & Latz, E. (2019). Western diet and the immune system: An inflammatory connection. Immunity, 51(5), 794-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020
28. Snelson, M., Tan, S. M., Clarke, R. E., de Pasquale, C., Thallas-Bonke, V., Nguyen, T. V., Penfold, S. A., Harcourt, B. E., Sourris, K. C., Lindblom, R. S., Ziemann, M., Steer, D., El-Osta, A., Davies, M. J., Donnellan, L., Deo, P., Kellow, N. J., Cooper, M. E., Woodruff, T. M., Mackay, C. R., Forbes, J. M., & Coughlan, M. T. (2021). Processed foods drive intestinal barrier permeability and microvascular diseases. Science Advances, 7(14), eabe4841. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe4841
29. Healthline. (2021, March 22). 10 foods that may weaken your immune system. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-that-weaken-immune-system
30. Barnard, N. D., Holtz, D. N., Schmidt, N., Kolipaka, S., Hata, E., Sutton, M., Znayenko-Miller, T., Hazen, N. D., Cobb, C., & Kahleova, H. (2023). Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis: A review. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1089891. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1089891
31. Endometriosis Foundation of America. (2018, April 17). Is there a link between leaky gut and endo? This researcher thinks so. https://www.endofound.org/is-there-a-link-between-leaky-gut-and-endo-this-researcher-thinks-so
32. Laschke, M. W., & Menger, M. D. (2016). The gut microbiota: A puppet master in the pathogenesis of endometriosis? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 215(1), 68.e1–68.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.036
33. Wu, H. J., & Wu, E. (2012). The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity. Gut Microbes, 3(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.19320
34. Campos, M. D. (2017, September 22). Leaky gut: What is it, and what does it mean for you? Harvard Health Blog. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/leaky-gut-what-is-it-and-what-does-it-mean-for-you-2017092212451
35. Hernandes, C., Silveira, P., Rodrigues Sereia, A. F., Christoff, A. P., Mendes, H., Valter de Oliveira, L. F., & Podgaec, S. (2020). Microbiome profile of deep endometriosis patients: Comparison of vaginal fluid, endometrium, and lesion. Diagnostics, 10(3), 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10030163
36. Hearn-Yeates F, Edgley K, Horne AW, O'Mahony SM, Saunders PTK. Dietary Modification and Supplement Use For Endometriosis Pain. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Mar 3;8(3):e253152. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11959439/

Endo Belly — The Mini Fast

1. Habib, N., Buzzaccarini, G., Centini, G., Moawad, G. N., Ceccaldi, P.-F., Gitas, G., Alkatout, I., Gullo, G., Terzic, S., & Sleiman, Z. (2022). Impact of lifestyle and diet on endometriosis: A fresh look to a busy corner. Przegla̜d Menopauzalny = Menopause Review, 21(2), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2022.116437
2. Pelz, M. (2020, July 24). A beginners guide to fasting: Everything you need to know about fasting. Dr. Mindy Pelz. https://drmindypelz.com/a-beginners-guide-to-fasting/
3. The Chalkboard Editorial Team. (2018, October 17). A holistic nutritionist on dealing with endometriosis. The Chalkboard. https://thechalkboardmag.com/endometriosis-nutrition-natural-advice/
4. DrVitalis. (2021, December 14). Intermittent fasting for your fertility. Dr Vitalis. https://vitalis.co.nz/intermittent-fasting-fertility/
5. Sol Cleanse. (n.d.). Fasting to treat endometriosis. Sol Cleanse. https://solcleanse.com/journal/fasting-to-treat-endometriosis/
6. Jefferson Health. (n.d.). Intermittent fasting and insulin resistance: Benefits beyond weight loss. Jefferson Health. https://www.jeffersonhealth.org/your-health/living-well/intermittent-fasting-and-insulin-resistance-benefits-beyond-weight-loss/
7. WeFast. (n.d.). Intermittent fasting and hormones: For a better balance. WeFast. https://www.wefast.care/articles/intermittent-fasting-and-hormones/
8. Kim, B. H., Joo, Y., Kim, M.-S., Choe, H. K., Tong, Q., & Kwon, O. (2021). Effects of intermittent fasting on the circulating levels and circadian rhythms of hormones. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 36(4), 745–756. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.405
9. Pelz, M. (2021, April 21). Intermittent fasting and fertility: What you need to know. Dr. Mindy Pelz. https://drmindypelz.com/intermittent-fasting-and-fertility/
10. Haffner, S. M. (1996). Sex hormone-binding protein, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Hormone Research, 45(3–5), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.1159/000184794
11. Watson, P. M. MD FACOG NCMP. (2019, November 19). Your blood sugar may be driving your hormone imbalance. HormoneWellness MD. https://hormonewellnessmd.com/womens-health/blood-sugar/

Endo Belly — Stop Snacking

1. BBC Good Food. (n.d.). 10 Ways to Manage Your Appetite. https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/10-ways-manage-your-appetite
2. Be Compleat. (2022, August 11). Migrating Motor Complex - MMC. https://www.becompleat.co.uk/blogs/nutrition/migrating-motor-complex-mmc
3. Deloose, E., Janssen, P., Depoortere, I., & Tack, J. (2012, March 27). The Migrating Motor Complex: Control Mechanisms and Its Role in Health and Disease. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9(5), 271–285. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22450306/
4. Heal Endo. (n.d.). Blog - the 6 Main Culprits of Endo Belly. https://healendo.com/blog-1/2023/5/2/the-6-main-culprits-of-endo-belly
5. Heal Endo. (2022, November 30). Endometriosis Symptom: Weight Gain with Endometriosis. https://healendo.com/blog-1/2022/11/30/endometriosis-symptom-weight-gain-with-endometriosis
6. Healthline. (2017, June 3). 13 Ways to Help Curb Appetite, According to Science. https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/how-to-curb-your-appetite
7. Luke Coutinho Official. (2022, June 30). The Most Natural Gut Cleanse Ever: Migrating Motor Complex. https://www.facebook.com/LukeCoutinhoOfficial/posts/the-most-natural-gut-cleanse-ever-migrating-motor-complex/313036590108482/
8. Madsen, C. (2022, April 27). The Migrating Motor Complex (MMC) and SIBO. Gut Health And Nutrition. https://www.cassie.net/blog/mmc-and-sibo
9. Mathias, J. R., Franklin, R., Quast, D. C., Fraga, N., Loftin, C. A., Yates, L., & Harrison, V. (1998, July 1). Relation of Endometriosis and Neuromuscular Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract: New Insights. Fertility and Sterility, 70(1), 81–88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9660426/

Endo Belly — Belly Relievers

1. Seckin Endometriosis Center. (n.d.). Endo Belly: Symptoms, causes, and treatment options. Seckin Endometriosis Center. https://drseckin.com/endo-belly/
2. Duffin, J. (2022, July 30). Three remedies to try for endo belly and SIBO bloating. Endometriosis.net. https://endometriosis.net/living/endo-belly-remedies
3. Mount Sinai Health System. (n.d.). Slippery elm information. Mount Sinai - New York. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/slippery-elm
4. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Kiwi health benefits. Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/kiwi-benefits/
5. Fullscript. (2021, June 25). A soothing idea: How slippery elm benefits your gut. Fullscript. https://fullscript.com/blog/slippery-elm-benefits
6. Harris, H. R., Eke, A. C., Chavarro, J. E., & Missmer, S. A. (2018, April 1). Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of endometriosis. Human Reproduction, 33(4), 715–727. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey014
7. Healthline. (2016, May 26). Lemon water for acid reflux: What you should know. https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/lemon-water-for-acid-reflux
8. WebMD Editorial Contributors. (n.d.). Health benefits of kiwi. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-kiwi
9. Richardson, D. P., Ansell, J., & Drummond, L. N. (2018). The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit: A review. European Journal of Nutrition, 57(8), 2659–2676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1627-z
10. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI): Pancreatitis. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21577-exocrine-pancreatic-insufficiency-epi
11. Hearn-Yeates F, Edgley K, Horne AW, O'Mahony SM, Saunders PTK. Dietary Modification and Supplement Use For Endometriosis Pain. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Mar 3;8(3):e253152. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11959439/

Fatigue — Exercise With Your Cycle

1. Wellness By Jessica. (2020, November 11). Exercise and the Menstrual Cycle. https://wellnessbyjessica.com/blogs/news/exercise-and-the-menstrual-cycle
2. Clue. (n.d.). Can exercise affect your menstrual cycle? Retrieved May 23, 2023. https://helloclue.com/articles/diet-and-exercise/exercise-and-your-menstrual-cycle
3. Verywell Fit. (n.d.). How to exercise in each phase of your menstrual cycle. Retrieved May 23, 2023. https://www.verywellfit.com/exercise-for-menstrual-cycle-phases-5217034
4. Carmichael, M. A., Thomson, R. L., Moran, L. J., & Wycherley, T. P. (2021). The impact of menstrual cycle phase on athletes’ performance: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041667
5. Sapolsky, R. M. (1994). Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers: A Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Diseases, and Coping. W.H. Freeman.

Fatigue — What Drives Your Fatigue

1. Romm, A. (2021, November 12). Hormone intelligence. HarperCollins US.
2. Sapolsky, R. (2004, November 1). Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers. Henry Holt.
3. Spindler, M., Palombo, M., Zhang, H., & Thiel, C. M. (2023). Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and its influence on aging: The role of the hypothalamus. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 6866. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33922-5
4. Hannibal, K. E., & Bishop, M. D. (2014). Chronic stress, cortisol dysfunction, and pain: A psychoneuroendocrine rationale for stress management in pain rehabilitation. Physical Therapy, 94(12), 1816-1825. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130597
5. Guidi, J., Lucente, M., Sonino, N., & Fava, G. A. (2021). Allostatic load and its impact on health: A systematic review. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 90(1), 11-27. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510696
6. Ghosh, D., Filaretova, L., Bharti, J., Roy, K. K., Sharma, J. B., & Sengupta, J. (2020). Pathophysiological basis of endometriosis-linked stress associated with pain and infertility: A conceptual review. Reproductive Medicine, 1(1), 32-61. https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed1010004
7. Healthline. (2018, August 31). High cortisol levels: Symptoms, causes, and more. https://www.healthline.com/health/high-cortisol-symptoms
8. Szypłowska M, Tarkowski R, Kułak K. The impact of endometriosis on depressive and anxiety symptoms and quality of life: a systematic review. Front Public Health. 2023 Sep 6;11:1230303. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10512020/
9. Premier Health. (n.d.). Beware high levels of cortisol, the stress hormone. Retrieved August 22, 2023. https://www.premierhealth.com/your-health/articles/women-wisdom-wellness-/beware-high-levels-of-cortisol-the-stress-hormone
10. Romm, A. (n.d.). Adrenal fatigue: Real thing. https://avivaromm.com/adrenal-fatigue-real-thing/
11. Dr. Lam Coaching. (2024, March 3). Adrenal fatigue and disruptions of reproductive system function. https://www.drlamcoaching.com/adrenal-fatigue/concepts/adrenal-fatigue-and-reproductive-system-function/
12. Dr. Lam Coaching. (2024, March 3). The 4 stages of adrenal fatigue. https://www.drlamcoaching.com/adrenal-fatigue/concepts/4-stages-of-adrenal-fatigue/
13. EurekAlert! (n.d.). Does stress make it more difficult to become pregnant? Retrieved March 3, 2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/965037
14. Healio. (n.d.). Stress makes it more difficult to conceive, study suggests. Retrieved March 3, 2024. https://www.healio.com/news/womens-health-ob-gyn/20220926/stress-makes-it-more-difficult-to-conceive-study-suggests
15. Heal Endo. (n.d.). Blog - Stress-o-Metriosis. Accessed March 3, 2024. https://www.healendo.com/blog-stressometriosis

Fatigue — Drop Caffeine

1. Hannibal, K. E., & Bishop, M. D. (2014). Chronic stress, cortisol dysfunction, and pain: A psychoneuroendocrine rationale for stress management in pain rehabilitation. Physical Therapy, 94(12), 1816-1825. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25035267/
2. Heim, C., Ehlert, U., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2000). The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25(1), 1-35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10633533/
3. Sorrells, S. F., Caso, J. R., Munhoz, C. D., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2009). The stressed CNS: When glucocorticoids aggravate inflammation. Neuron, 64(1), 33-39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19840546/
4. Knezevic, E., Nenic, K., Milanovic, V., & Knezevic, N. N. (2023). The role of cortisol in chronic stress, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychological disorders. Cells, 12(23), 2726. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067154/
5. Lovallo, W. R., Farag, N. H., Vincent, A. S., Thomas, T. L., & Wilson, M. F. (2006). Cortisol responses to mental stress, exercise, and meals following caffeine intake in men and women. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 83(3), 441–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2006.03.005
6. Today's Dietitian. (n.d.). Cortisol—Its role in stress, inflammation, and indications for diet therapy. Retrieved February 25, 2023. https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/111609p38.shtml
7. Boekema, P. J., Samsom, M. S., Roelofs, J. M. M., & Smout, A. J. P. M. (2001). Effect of coffee on motor and sensory function of proximal stomach. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 46(5), 945–951. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010733222245
8. Danziger, L. (2021, June 20). I gave up coffee for three months. Here’s what happened. The Beet. https://thebeet.com/i-gave-up-coffee-for-3-months-heres-what-happened/
9. Jones, M. ND. (2020, December 22). How does caffeine affect your adrenal health? Women’s Health Network. https://www.womenshealthnetwork.com/adrenal-fatigue-and-stress/how-caffeine-affects-your-adrenal-health/
10. EndocrineWeb. (2022, August 10). Cortisol: Function, tests, and effects of high & low levels. https://www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/cortisol
11. Murnane, J. (2021). Know your endo: An empowering guide to health and hope with endometriosis. Headline Home. Chapter 6, p. 146.
12. Wasada, T., Akamine, Y., Kato, K., Ibayashi, H., & Nomura, Y. (1978). Adrenal contribution to circulating estrogens in women. Endocrinologia Japonica, 25(2), 123–28. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj1954.25.123
13. Ma, X., Nan, F., Liang, H., Shu, P., Fan, X., Song, X., Hou, Y., & Zhang, D. (2022). Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 988481. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.988481
14. nib. (n.d.). The benefits of quitting coffee. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://www.nib.com.au/the-checkup/benefits-of-quitting-coffee
15. Murray, T. (2022, February 18). Does caffeine affect hormones? The Checkup (blog). https://www.singlecare.com/blog/caffeine-and-hormones/
16. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body’s natural blueprint for well-being (First edition). HarperOne. pp. 144–146.
17. Natural Nourishment. (n.d.). The clash of the titans: Caffeine vs cortisol. Accessed April 11, 2023. https://naturalnourishment.me/blog/the-clash-of-the-titans-caffeine-vs-cortisol
18. Hearn-Yeates F, Edgley K, Horne AW, O'Mahony SM, Saunders PTK. Dietary Modification and Supplement Use For Endometriosis Pain. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Mar 3;8(3):e253152. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11959439/

Fatigue — Energy Blood Testing

1. Tardy, A.-L., Pouteau, E., Marquez, D., Yilmaz, C., & Scholey, A. (2020). Vitamins and minerals for energy, fatigue and cognition: A narrative review of the biochemical and clinical evidence. Nutrients, 12(1), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010228
2. Hind, S. (2017, October 11). Soil depletion and why we need multivitamin and mineral supplements. Wise Owl Health - Whole Food Supplements (blog). https://www.wiseowlhealth.com/blog/soil-depletion-and-why-we-need-multivitamin-and-mineral-supplements
3. Garner, T. B., Hester, J. M., Carothers, A., & Diaz, F. J. (2021). Role of zinc in female reproduction. Biology of Reproduction, 104(5), 976–994. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioaa220
4. An Aotearoa New Zealand survey of the impact and diagnostic delay for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Scientific Reports. Accessed May 24, 2023. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88704-0
5. Garney, C. (2020, July 16). Vitamin B12: Could it be the missing link with infertility and early pregnancy loss? nutritionforhealthnz. https://www.nutritionforhealthnz.com/post/vitamin-b12-the-missing-link-with-infertility-and-early-pregnancy-loss
6. Orlova, S., Dikke, G., Pickering, G., Yaltseva, N., Konchits, S., Starostin, K., & Bevz, A. (2021). Risk factors and comorbidities associated with magnesium deficiency in pregnant women and women with hormone-related conditions: Analysis of a large real-world dataset. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03562-8
7. ELANZA Wellness. (2019, December 18). Can magnesium supplements help boost fertility and manage stress? What the science says. https://www.elanzawellness.com/blog/can-magnesium-supplements-help-boost-fertility-and-manage-stress-what-the-science-says
8. Kin Fertility. (n.d.). Do iron levels affect fertility & conception? https://www.kinfertility.com.au
9. Better & Better. (n.d.). How long does it take for vitamins to work? It depends on 5 factors. https://www.getbetterandbetter.com
10. Vantage Fit. (2023, June 15). How to increase vitamin D levels quickly? 5 effective tips! https://www.vantagefit.io
11. One Fertility Kitchener Waterloo. (2021, August 11). Folic acid, fertility, and pregnancy. https://www.onefertilitykitchenerwaterloo.com/blog/folic-acid-fertility-and-pregnancy
12. UConn Fertility | Center for Advanced Reproductive Services. (2020, February 22). Boost your fertility with this essential mineral. https://www.uconnfertility.com/blog
13. Ohio State University Health. (n.d.). Magnesium: Are you getting enough? https://wexnermedical.osu.edu
14. The Evewell. (n.d.). Vitamin D and fertility | The Evewell advice. https://www.evewell.com
15. Bennett, M. (2001). Vitamin B12 deficiency, infertility and recurrent fetal loss. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 46(3), 209–212. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11304860/
16. Healthline. (2019, December 19). 7 healthy foods that are high in vitamin D. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-high-in-vitamin-d
17. BePure Wellness. (n.d.). Why are modern diets lacking in key nutrients? https://www.bepure.co.nz/blogs/news/why-are-modern-diets-lacking-in-nutrients
18. Nutritionist Resource. (n.d.). Why most of us are nutrient deficient - and what to do about it. Accessed June 27, 2024. https://www.nutritionist-resource.org.uk/memberarticles/why-most-of-us-are-nutrient-deficient-and-what-to-do-about-it

Fatigue — Adaptogens

1. Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2010). Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress-protective activity. Pharmaceuticals, 3(1), 188–224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph3010188
2. Bone, K., & Mills, S. (2012). Principles and practice of phytotherapy: Modern herbal medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences.
3. Sánchez, I. A., Cuchimba, J. A., Pineda, M. C., Argüello, Y. P., Kočí, J., Kreider, R. B., Petro, J. L., & Bonilla, D. A. (2023). Adaptogens on depression-related outcomes: A systematic integrative review and rationale of synergism with physical activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075298
4. Holmes, P. (2006). The energetics of Western herbs: A materia medica integrating Western and Chinese herbal therapeutics.
5. Liao, L.-Y., He, Y.-F., Li, L., Meng, H., Dong, Y.-M., Yi, F., & Xiao, P.-G. (2018). A preliminary review of studies on adaptogens: Comparison of their bioactivity in TCM with that of ginseng-like herbs used worldwide. Chinese Medicine, 13, 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0214-9
6. Zago, A., & Dellacqua, M. N. (2022). Como os adaptógenos influenciam a performance cognitivo-mental: Uma revisão integrativa. Research, Society and Development, 11(10), e204111032635. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32635
7. WYLDE ONE. (n.d.). A fun history of adaptogens. Retrieved June 1, 2023. https://wylde-one.com/pages/a-fun-history-on-adaptogens
8. Xing, D., Yoo, C., Gonzalez, D., Jenkins, V., Nottingham, K., Dickerson, B., Leonard, M., et al. (2022). Effects of acute ashwagandha ingestion on cognitive function. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911852
9. Ivanova Stojcheva, E., & Quintela, J. C. (2022). The effectiveness of Rhodiola Rosea L. preparations in alleviating various aspects of life-stress symptoms and stress-induced conditions—Encouraging clinical evidence. Molecules, 27(12), 3902. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123902
10. Hofseth, L. J., & Wargovich, M. J. (2007). Inflammation, cancer, and targets of ginseng. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(1), 183S-185S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.1.183S
11. Kang, S., & Min, H. (2012). Ginseng, the ‘immunity boost’: The effects of Panax ginseng on immune system. Journal of Ginseng Research, 36(4), 354–368. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.354
12. Cohen, M. M. (2014). Tulsi - Ocimum sanctum: A herb for all reasons. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 5(4), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.146554
13. Griffin, R. M. (n.d.). Ginkgo biloba. WebMD. Retrieved October 26, 2023. https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/supplement-guide-ginkgo-biloba
14. Taavoni, S., Amiri, M., Haghani, H., & SeiedFatemi, N. (2014). EPA-0145 – Menopausal women’s sexual function and use of ginkgo biloba: A randomized placebo controlled trial. European Psychiatry, 29, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(14)77617-5

Fatigue — Stress Reducers

1. Murnane, J. (2021). Know your endo: An empowering guide to health and hope with endometriosis. Headline Home.
2. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body’s natural blueprint for well-being (First edition). HarperOne.
3. Boekema, P. J., Samsom, M. S., Roelofs, J. M. M., & Smout, A. J. P. M. (2001). Effect of coffee on motor and sensory function of proximal stomach. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 46(5), 945–951. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010733222245
4. Danziger, L. (2021, June 20). I gave up coffee for three months. Here’s what happened. The Beet. https://thebeet.com/i-gave-up-coffee-for-3-months-heres-what-happened/
5. Jones, M. ND. (2020, December 22). How does caffeine affect your adrenal health? Women’s Health Network. https://www.womenshealthnetwork.com/adrenal-fatigue-and-stress/how-caffeine-affects-your-adrenal-health/
6. Ma, X., Nan, F., Liang, H., Shu, P., Fan, X., Song, X., Hou, Y., & Zhang, D. (2022). Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 988481. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.988481
7. nib. (n.d.). The benefits of quitting coffee. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://www.nib.com.au/the-checkup/benefits-of-quitting-coffee
8. Murray, T. (2022, February 18). Does caffeine affect hormones? The Checkup (blog). https://www.singlecare.com/blog/caffeine-and-hormones/
9. Lovallo, W. R., Farag, N. H., Vincent, A. S., Thomas, T. L., & Wilson, M. F. (2006). Cortisol responses to mental stress, exercise, and meals following caffeine intake in men and women. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 83(3), 441–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2006.03.005
10. Johnson, M. (2018, November 1). The link between stress and endometriosis. Endometriosis.net. https://endometriosis.net/living/stress
11. Long, Q., Liu, X., Qi, Q., & Guo, S.-W. (2016). Chronic stress accelerates the development of endometriosis in mouse through adrenergic receptor β2. Human Reproduction, 31(11), 2506–2519. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew237
12. ColumbiaDoctors. (2023, July 27). Chronic stress can hurt your overall health. ColumbiaDoctors - New York. https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/chronic-stress-can-hurt-your-overall-health
13. Ferticity IVF & Fertility Clinics. (2022, June 9). Can stress make endometriosis worse? https://ferticity.com/stress-affects-endometriosis/
14. Appleyard, C. B., Flores, I., & Torres-Reverón, A. (2020). The link between stress and endometriosis: From animal models to the clinical scenario. Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 27(9), 1675–1686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00205-7
15. Brasil, D. L., Montagna, E., Trevisan, C. M., La Rosa, V. L., Laganà, A. S., Barbosa, C. P., Bianco, B., & Zaia, V. (2020). Psychological stress levels in women with endometriosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Minerva Medica, 111(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4806.19.06350-X
16. Casalechi, M., Vieira-Lopes, M., Quessada, M. P., Arão, T. C., & Reis, F. M. (2021). Endometriosis and related pelvic pain: Association with stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology, 73(3), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04704-3

Pain — What Is Endo Pain

1. News-Medical.net. (2019, June 13). Chronic pain: The 20 most painful conditions. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Pain-Acute-Pain-Chronic-Pain-20-Most-Painful.aspx
2. Southern Pain and Neurological. (2017, April 4). 5 signs it’s time to consider pain management. https://southernpainclinic.com/blog/5-signs-its-time-to-consider-pain-management/
3. Endometriosis Foundation of America. (2023, May 11). Landmark study on endometriosis genetics validates what many patients have experienced. https://www.endofound.org/landmark-study-on-endometriosis-genetics-validates-what-many-patients-have-experienced
4. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body’s natural blueprint for well-being (First edition). HarperOne.
5. InsightEndometriosis. (n.d.). Information guides. Retrieved July 31, 2023. https://www.insightendometriosis.org.nz/infoguides
6. Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2019, May 13). Pelvic pain. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/pelvic-pain
7. NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2017, January 31). What causes pelvic pain? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/conditioninfo/causes
8. Tewhaiti-Smith, J., Semprini, A., Bush, D., Anderson, A., Eathorne, A., Johnson, N., Girling, J., East, M., Marriott, J., & Armour, M. (2022). An Aotearoa New Zealand survey of the impact and diagnostic delay for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 4425. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08464-x
9. Endometriosis Foundation of America. (2021, May 16). Endometriosis symptoms: Neuropathy. https://www.endofound.org/neuropathy
10. Dr Laura Miller. (n.d.). Endometriosis. Retrieved August 14, 2023. https://www.drlaura.co.nz/service/endometriosis
11. Petrarca, K. (2022, March 3). The comorbidity between migraine and endometriosis. Association of Migraine Disorders. https://www.migrainedisorders.org/the-relationship-between-migraine-and-endometriosis/
12. MyEndometriosisTeam. (n.d.). Why does endometriosis contribute to breast pain? Retrieved October 14, 2023. https://www.myendometriosisteam.com/resources/why-does-endometriosis-contribute-to-breast-pain
13. Editorial Team. (2021, January 28). What does endometriosis pain feel like? Endometriosis.net. https://endometriosis.net/living/pain-description
14. Endometriosis.net. (n.d.). Can endometriosis cause migraines? Retrieved October 26, 2023. https://endometriosis.net/clinical/migraines
15. Freeston, J. E., Green, M. J., King, D. G., & Iveson, J. M. I. (2006). Chronic shoulder pain and diaphragmatic endometriosis. Rheumatology, 45(12), 1533. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel188
16. Pagano, F., Schwander, A., Vaineau, C., Knabben, L., Nirgianakis, K., Imboden, S., & Mueller, M. D. (2023). True prevalence of diaphragmatic endometriosis and its association with severe endometriosis: A call for awareness and investigation. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 30(4), 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2023.01.006
17. Chiavaye. (n.d.). Is your breast tenderness from endometriosis? Retrieved October 26, 2023. https://chiavaye.com/blogs/endometriosis/can-endometriosis-make-your-breasts-hurt
18. Seckin Endometriosis Center. (n.d.). Diaphragmatic endometriosis. Retrieved October 26, 2023. https://drseckin.com/diaphragmatic-endometriosis/
19. UCLA Health. (n.d.). Endometriosis symptoms & treatment. Retrieved October 26, 2023. https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/obgyn/conditions-treated/endometriosis
20. Endo Health. (n.d.). Ovulation pain. Retrieved October 26, 2023. https://endohealth.com.au/endometriosis/ovulation-pain/
21. Seckin Endometriosis Center. (n.d.). Sciatic endometriosis and leg pain. Retrieved October 26, 2023. https://drseckin.com/endometriosis-sciatic-region/
22. Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Fibrocystic breasts - Symptoms and causes. Retrieved November 19, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibrocystic-breasts/symptoms-causes/syc-20350438
23. JAMA Network Open. (n.d.). Association of central sensitization inventory scores with pain outcomes after endometriosis surgery. Retrieved January 21, 2024. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2801714
24. Seifert, F., & Maihöfner, C. (2011). Functional and structural imaging of pain-induced neuroplasticity. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 24(5), 515-523. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0b013e32834a1079
25. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. (2019). Central sensitization, chronic pain, and other symptoms: Better understanding, better management. 90(4), 245. https://www.ccjm.org/content/90/4/245
26. Greenwald, J. D., & Shafritz, K. M. (2018, May 23). An integrative neuroscience framework for the treatment of chronic pain: From cellular alterations to behavior. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 12, 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2018.00018
27. Ji, R.-R., Nackley, A., Huh, Y., Terrando, N., & Maixner, W. (2018). Neuroinflammation and central sensitization in chronic and widespread pain. Anesthesiology, 129(2), 343–366. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002130
28. Neblett, R., Cohen, H., Choi, Y., Hartzell, M. M., Williams, M., Mayer, T. G., & Gatchel, R. J. (2013). The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI): Establishing clinically significant values for identifying central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample. Journal of Pain, 14(5), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.11.012
29. Fukudo, S. (2013). Stress and visceral pain: Focusing on irritable bowel syndrome. Pain, 154(Suppl 1), S63–S70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.008
30. Chang, L. (2011, March). The role of stress on physiologic responses and clinical symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology, 140(3), 761-765. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.01.032
31. Wyns, A., Hendrix, J., Lahousse, A., De Bruyne, E., Nijs, J., Godderis, L., & Polli, A. (2023). The biology of stress intolerance in patients with chronic pain-state of the art and future directions. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(6), 2245. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062245
32. Pathways. (2019, November 22). The stress & chronic pain cycle (and how to break it!). https://www.pathways.health/blog/the-stress-chronic-pain-cycle-and-how-to-break-it/

Pain — Do You Need Surgery

1. Murnane, J. (2021). Know your endo: An empowering guide to health and hope with endometriosis. Headline Home.
2. Endometriosis Foundation of America. (2022, July 7). Scheduling excision surgery? Considerations to keep in mind. https://www.endofound.org/scheduling-excision-surgery-considerations-to-keep-in-mind
3. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body’s natural blueprint for well-being (First edition). HarperOne.
4. Hopton, L. (2015, February 11). Endometriosis surgery success rates. https://www.vitalhealth.com/endometriosis-specialty-center/endometriosis-surgery/endometriosis-surgery-success-rates/
5. NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (n.d.). How do healthcare providers diagnose endometriosis? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometri/conditioninfo/diagnose
6. Know Your Endo. (n.d.). Endometriosis FAQ. Retrieved February 28, 2023. https://knowyourendo.com/endometriosis-questions
7. Stuff Local Democracy Reporter. (2022, May 5). Patient says plan to tackle waiting lists is too late after four-year surgery delay. Stuff. https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/local-democracy-reporting/300581126/patient-says-plan-to-tackle-waiting-lists-is-too-late-after-fouryear-surgery-delay
8. Pundir, J., Omanwa, K., Kovoor, E., Pundir, V., Lancaster, G., & Barton-Smith, P. (2017). Laparoscopic excision versus ablation for endometriosis-associated pain: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 24(5), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.04.008
9. CIGC. (2020, September 22). Why excision is better than ablation for endometriosis treatment. https://innovativegyn.com/blog/why-excision-is-better-than-ablation-for-endometriosis-treatment/
10. Rindos, N. B., Fulcher, I. R., & Donnellan, N. M. (2020). Pain and quality of life after laparoscopic excision of endometriosis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 27(7), 1610–1617.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2020.03.013
11. Endometriosis.net Editorial Team. (2018, August 23). Recurrence of endometriosis. Endometriosis.net. Retrieved April 11, 2023. https://endometriosis.net/clinical/recurrence
12. Brown, J., & Farquhar, C. (2014, March 10). Endometriosis: An overview of Cochrane reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009590.pub2
13. Comptour, A., Lambert, C., Chauvet, P., Figuier, C., Gremeau, A.-S., Canis, M., … Bourdel, N. (2020, July 31). Long-term evolution of quality of life and symptoms following surgical treatment for endometriosis: Different trajectories for which patients? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(8), 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082461
14. Tiringer, D., Pedrini, A. S., Gstoettner, M., Husslein, H., Kuessel, L., Perricos, A., & Wenzl, R. (2022, December 22). Evaluation of quality of life in endometriosis patients before and after surgical treatment using the EHP30 questionnaire. BMC Women’s Health, 22(1), 538. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02111-3
15. Tewhaiti-Smith, J., Semprini, A., Bush, D., Anderson, A., Eathorne, A., Johnson, N., … Armour, M. (2022, March 15). An Aotearoa New Zealand survey of the impact and diagnostic delay for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 4425. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08464-x
16. Karp, B. I., & Stratton, P. (2023, March 10). Endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain. Med (New York, N.Y.), 4(3), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2023.02.006

Pain — Your Guide to Surgery

1. Murnane, J. (2021). Know your endo: An empowering guide to health and hope with endometriosis (pp. 40-42). Headline Home.
2. Endometriosis Foundation of America. (2022, July 7). Scheduling excision surgery? Considerations to keep in mind. https://www.endofound.org/scheduling-excision-surgery-considerations-to-keep-in-mind
3. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body’s natural blueprint for well-being (First edition) (pp. 369-371). HarperOne.
4. Hopton, L. (2015, February 11). Endometriosis surgery success rates. Vital Health Endometriosis Center. https://www.vitalhealth.com/endometriosis-specialty-center/endometriosis-surgery/endometriosis-surgery-success-rates/
5. NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (n.d.). How do healthcare providers diagnose endometriosis? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometri/conditioninfo/diagnose
6. Know Your Endo. (n.d.). Endometriosis FAQ. Retrieved February 28, 2023. https://knowyourendo.com/endometriosis-questions
7. Kofinas Fertility Group. (n.d.). Endometriosis surgery: What to expect after laparoscopy treatment. Retrieved April 11, 2023. https://www.kofinasfertility.com/patient-info/fertility-after-endometriosis-surgery
8. Stuff Local Democracy Reporter. (2022, May 5). Patient says plan to tackle waiting lists is too late after four-year surgery delay. Stuff. https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/local-democracy-reporting/300581126/patient-says-plan-to-tackle-waiting-lists-is-too-late-after-fouryear-surgery-delay
9. Pundir, J., Omanwa, K., Kovoor, E., Pundir, V., Lancaster, G., & Barton-Smith, P. (2017). Laparoscopic excision versus ablation for endometriosis-associated pain: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 24(5), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.04.008
10. CIGC. (2020, September 22). Why excision is better than ablation for endometriosis treatment. https://innovativegyn.com/blog/why-excision-is-better-than-ablation-for-endometriosis-treatment/
11. Rindos, N. B., Fulcher, I. R., & Donnellan, N. M. (2020). Pain and quality of life after laparoscopic excision of endometriosis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 27(7), 1610–1617.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2020.03.013
12. Endometriosis.net Editorial Team. (2018, August 23). Recurrence of endometriosis. Endometriosis.net. Retrieved April 11, 2023. https://endometriosis.net/clinical/recurrence
13. Brown, J., & Farquhar, C. (2014, March 10). Endometriosis: An overview of Cochrane reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009590.pub2
14. Comptour, A., Lambert, C., Chauvet, P., Figuier, C., Gremeau, A.-S., Canis, M., … Bourdel, N. (2020, July 31). Long-term evolution of quality of life and symptoms following surgical treatment for endometriosis: Different trajectories for which patients? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(8), 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082461
15. Tiringer, D., Pedrini, A. S., Gstoettner, M., Husslein, H., Kuessel, L., Perricos, A., & Wenzl, R. (2022, December 22). Evaluation of quality of life in endometriosis patients before and after surgical treatment using the EHP30 questionnaire. BMC Women’s Health, 22(1), 538. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02111-3
16. Tewhaiti-Smith, J., Semprini, A., Bush, D., Anderson, A., Eathorne, A., Johnson, N., … Armour, M. (2022, March 15). An Aotearoa New Zealand survey of the impact and diagnostic delay for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 4425. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08464-x
17. Endometriosis Foundation of America. (2022, October 5). Checklist & tips to prepare for endometriosis surgery. https://www.endofound.org/checklist-tips-to-prepare-for-endometriosis-surgery
18. Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Chronic stress puts your health at risk. Retrieved July 14, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress/art-20046037
19. Premier Health. (n.d.). Beware high levels of cortisol, the stress hormone. Retrieved July 14, 2023. https://www.premierhealth.com/your-health/articles/women-wisdom-wellness-/beware-high-levels-of-cortisol-the-stress-hormone
20. Healthdirect Australia. (2023, February 26). The role of cortisol in the body. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/the-role-of-cortisol-in-the-body
21. Endometriosis NZ webinar - Dr Fiona Conell.
22. Christian, L. M., Graham, J. E., Padgett, D. A., Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2006). Stress and wound healing. Neuroimmunomodulation, 13(5–6), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1159/000104862
23. Cuevas, M., Flores, I., Thompson, K. J., Ramos-Ortolaza, D. L., Torres-Reveron, A., & Appleyard, C. B. (2012, August). Stress exacerbates endometriosis manifestations and inflammatory parameters in an animal model. Reproductive Sciences, 19(8), 851–862. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719112438443
24. Petrelluzzi, K. F. S., Garcia, M. C., Petta, C. A., Grassi-Kassisse, D. M., & Spadari-Bratfisch, R. C. (2008, September). Salivary cortisol concentrations, stress and quality of life in women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 11(5), 390–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701840610
25. Nezhat. (n.d.). Endometriosis surgeon specialist - how to choose the right one. Retrieved October 14, 2023. https://nezhat.org/endometriosis-treatment/endometriosis/choosing-an-endometriosis-surgeon-specialist/
26. Prime Surgical Suites. (n.d.). Injury recovery: Why sleep is so important. Retrieved October 16, 2023. https://www.primesurgicalsuites.com/blog/injury-recovery-why-sleep-is-so-important
27. Science News Explores. (2018, April 2). Sleep helps wounds heal faster. https://www.snexplores.org/article/sleep-helps-wounds-heal-faster
28. The impact of prolonged inflammation on wound healing. PMC. Retrieved October 16, 2023. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9025535/
29. Shuldham, C. (1999, April). A review of the impact of pre-operative education on recovery from surgery. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 36(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7489(99)00010-3
30. Brodersen, F., Wagner, J., Uzunoglu, F. G., & Petersen-Ewert, C. (2023, April 1). Impact of preoperative patient education on postoperative recovery in abdominal surgery: A systematic review. World Journal of Surgery, 47(4), 937–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-022-06884-4
31. Endometriosis.net. (n.d.). Getting ready for laparoscopy. Retrieved October 16, 2023. https://endometriosis.net/living/prepare-laparoscopy
32. HCF. (n.d.). Endometriosis surgery: What you need to know. Retrieved October 17, 2023. https://www.hcf.com.au/health-agenda/women/endometriosis/surgery

Pain — Post Surgery Recovery

1. Murnane, J. (2021). Know your endo: An empowering guide to health and hope with endometriosis (pp. 40-42). Headline Home.
2. Endometriosis Foundation of America. (2022, July 7). Scheduling excision surgery? Considerations to keep in mind. https://www.endofound.org/scheduling-excision-surgery-considerations-to-keep-in-mind
3. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body’s natural blueprint for well-being (First edition) (pp. 369-371). HarperOne.
4. Hopton, L. (2015, February 11). Endometriosis surgery success rates. Vital Health Endometriosis Center. https://www.vitalhealth.com/endometriosis-specialty-center/endometriosis-surgery/endometriosis-surgery-success-rates/
5. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (n.d.). How do healthcare providers diagnose endometriosis? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometri/conditioninfo/diagnose
6. Know Your Endo. (n.d.). Endometriosis FAQ. Retrieved February 28, 2023. https://knowyourendo.com/endometriosis-questions
7. Kofinas Fertility Group. (n.d.). Endometriosis surgery: What to expect after laparoscopy treatment. Retrieved April 11, 2023. https://www.kofinasfertility.com/patient-info/fertility-after-endometriosis-surgery
8. Forbes, S. (2022, May 5). Patient says plan to tackle waiting lists is too late after four-year surgery delay. Stuff. https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/local-democracy-reporting/300581126/patient-says-plan-to-tackle-waiting-lists-is-too-late-after-fouryear-surgery-delay
9. Pundir, J., Omanwa, K., Kovoor, E., Pundir, V., Lancaster, G., & Barton-Smith, P. (2017). Laparoscopic excision versus ablation for endometriosis-associated pain: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 24(5), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.04.008
10. CIGC. (2020, September 22). Why excision is better than ablation for endometriosis treatment. https://innovativegyn.com/blog/why-excision-is-better-than-ablation-for-endometriosis-treatment/
11. Rindos, N. B., Fulcher, I. R., & Donnellan, N. M. (2020). Pain and quality of life after laparoscopic excision of endometriosis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 27(7), 1610–1617.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2020.03.013
12. Editorial Team. (2018, August 23). Recurrence of endometriosis. Endometriosis.net. Retrieved April 11, 2023. https://endometriosis.net/clinical/recurrence
13. Brown, J., & Farquhar, C. (2014, March 10). Endometriosis: An overview of Cochrane reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009590.pub2
14. Comptour, A., Lambert, C., Chauvet, P., Figuier, C., Gremeau, A.-S., Canis, M., … Bourdel, N. (2020, July 31). Long-term evolution of quality of life and symptoms following surgical treatment for endometriosis: Different trajectories for which patients? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(8), 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082461
15. Tiringer, D., Pedrini, A. S., Gstoettner, M., Husslein, H., Kuessel, L., Perricos, A., & Wenzl, R. (2022, December 22). Evaluation of quality of life in endometriosis patients before and after surgical treatment using the EHP30 questionnaire. BMC Women’s Health, 22(1), 538. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02111-3
16. Tewhaiti-Smith, J., Semprini, A., Bush, D., Anderson, A., Eathorne, A., Johnson, N., … Armour, M. (2022, March 15). An Aotearoa New Zealand survey of the impact and diagnostic delay for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 4425. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08464-x
17. Boston Center for Endometriosis. (n.d.). After your laparoscopy. https://bostoncenterendometriosis.org/2012/07/03/after-your-laparoscopy/
18. Pelvic Health and Rehabilitation Center. (2022, March 23). Setting up for success after endometriosis excision surgery. https://pelvicpainrehab.com/female-pelvic-pain/endometriosis/18798/setting-up-for-success-after-endometriosis-excision-surgery/
19. Endo Health. (n.d.). Endometriosis surgery. https://endohealth.com.au/surgery/
20. Park, S. J. (2020, March 15). Postoperative shoulder pain after laparoscopic surgery. Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery, 23(1), 3–4. https://doi.org/10.7602/jmis.2020.23.1.3
21. Choi, H. U., Park, S. H., Lee, E. J. S., Jung, K. U., Shin, J. H., & Lee, S. R. (2021, June 15). Effect of abdominal binder after laparoscopic cholecystectomy on enhanced recovery: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery, 24(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.7602/jmis.2021.24.2.91
22. WebMD. (n.d.). Tips to deal with constipation after surgery. https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/constipation-after-surgery
23. Pacific Endometriosis and Pelvic Surgery. (2016, August 5). What to expect after endometriosis surgery. https://pacificendometriosis.com/postop-care-the-next-6-12-weeks/
24. AILBS India. (n.d.). What to eat after laparoscopic surgery and what to avoid? https://www.ailbsindia.com/what-to-eat-after-laparoscopic-surgery/

Pain — Pelvic Floor Reset

1. Del Forno, S., Arena, A., Pellizzone, V., Lenzi, J., Raimondo, D., Cocchi, L., Paradisi, R., Youssef, A., Casadio, P., & Seracchioli, R. (2021). Assessment of levator hiatal area using 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis and superficial dyspareunia treated with pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy: Randomized controlled trial. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 57(5), 726–732. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.23590
2. Seckin Endometriosis Center. (n.d.). Endo belly: Symptoms, causes, and treatment options. https://drseckin.com/endo-belly/
3. Dos Bispo, A. P. S., Ploger, C., Loureiro, A. F., Sato, H., Kolpeman, A., Girão, M. J. B. C., & Schor, E. (2016). Assessment of pelvic floor muscles in women with deep endometriosis. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 294(3), 519–523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-016-4025-x
4. Healthline. (2022, April 4). Pelvic floor physical therapy for endometriosis. https://www.healthline.com/health/endometriosis/pelvic-floor-physical-therapy
5. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Hypertonic pelvic floor: Symptoms, causes & treatment. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22870-hypertonic-pelvic-floor
6. Continence Foundation of Australia. (n.d.). The hypertonic pelvic floor. https://www.continence.org.au/news/hypertonic-pelvic-floor
7. Raizada, V., & Mittal, R. K. (2008). Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 37(3), 493–vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2008.06.003
8. International Pelvic Pain Society. (2021). About pelvic pain. https://pelvicpain.org/about-pelvic-pain
9. Brown, C. S., Foster, D. C., Wan, J. Y., Rawlinson, L. A., Bachman, G. A., & Guess, M. K. (2015). Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction mediates sexual dysfunction in female pelvic pain disorders. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(1), 203–212. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18448734/
10. FitzGerald, M. P., Kotarinos, R., & Anderson, R. U. (2007). Rehabilitation of the short pelvic floor. I. Background and patient evaluation. International Urogynecology Journal, 18(6), 623–636. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14530839/
11. Anderson, R. U., Wise, D., Sawyer, T., & Chan, C. (2006). Sexual dysfunction in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Improvement after trigger point release and paradoxical relaxation training. Journal of Urology, 176(4 Pt 1), 1534–1538. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16952676/
12. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Pelvic floor muscles: Anatomy, function & conditions. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22729-pelvic-floor-muscles
13. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). Pelvic floor. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pelvic-floor
14. Wurn, B. F., Wurn, L. J., Patterson, K., King, C. R., & Scharf, E. S. (2011). Decreasing dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea in women with endometriosis via a manual physical therapy: Results from two independent studies. Journal of Endometriosis, 3(4), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.5301/JE.2012.9088
15. Harvard Health Publishing. (2020, July 7). Exercising to relax. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/exercising-to-relax
16. Bair, M. K., Robinson, R. L., Katon, W., et al. (2003). Depression and pain comorbidity: A literature review. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(20), 2433–2445. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.20.2433
17. Urits, I., Callan, J., Moore, W. C., Fuller, M. C., Renschler, J. S., Fisher, P., Jung, J. W., Hasoon, J., Eskander, J., Kaye, A. D., & Viswanath, O. (2020). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 34(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2020.08.001
18. Physiopedia. (n.d.). Impact of stress and cortisol levels on pelvic pain and pelvic stress reflex response. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Impact_of_stress_and_cortisol_levels_on_pelvic_pain_and_pelvic_stress_reflex_response
19. Faubion, S. S., Shuster, L. T., & Bharucha, A. E. (2012). Recognition and management of nonrelaxing pelvic floor dysfunction. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 87(2), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.09.004
20. Burton, A. R., Fazalbhoy, A., & Macefield, V. G. (2016, June 30). Sympathetic responses to noxious stimulation of muscle and skin. Frontiers in Neurology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2016.00109
21. Chakravarthy, K., Chaudhry, H., Williams, K., & Christo, P. J. (2015). Review of the uses of vagal nerve stimulation in chronic pain management. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 19(12), 54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-015-0528-6
22. Ambler, N., Williams, A. C., Hill, P., Gunary, R., & Cratchley, G. (2001). Sexual difficulties of chronic pain patients. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(2), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200106000-00006

Pain — Breathe

1. Herawati, I., Mat Ludin, A. F., M., M., Ishak, I., & Farah, N. M. F. (2023). Breathing exercise for hypertensive patients: A scoping review. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1048338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1048338
2. Liu, J., Lv, C., Wang, W., Huang, Y., Wang, B., Tian, J., Sun, C., & Yu, Y. (2022). Slow, deep breathing intervention improved symptoms and altered rectal sensitivity in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1034547
3. Michigan Medicine. (n.d.). Diaphragmatic breathing for GI patients. https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/digestive-and-liver-health/diaphragmatic-breathing-gi-patients
4. Canary Wharf Chiropractic. (2019, October 30). How does good breathing prevent muscle pain? https://canarywharfchiropractic.co.uk/good-breathing-prevent-muscle-pain/
5. Neese, A. (2019). How to breathe: 25 simple practices for calm, joy, and resilience. Ten Speed Press.
6. Zautra, A. J., Fasman, R., Davis, M. C., & Craig, A. D. B. (2010). The effects of slow breathing on affective responses to pain stimuli: An experimental study. Pain, 149(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.10.001
7. Seppälä, E., Bradley, C., & Goldstein, M. R. (2020, September 29). Research: Why breathing is so effective at reducing stress. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/09/research-why-breathing-is-so-effective-at-reducing-stress
8. University of Michigan News. (2021, October 12). Mindful breathing for pain control: Like Yin and Yang. https://news.umich.edu/mindful-breathing-for-pain-control-like-yin-and-yang/
9. Ma, X., Yue, Z.-Q., Gong, Z.-Q., Zhang, H., Duan, N.-Y., Shi, Y.-T., Wei, G.-X., & Li, Y.-F. (2017). The effect of diaphragmatic breathing on attention, negative affect and stress in healthy adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00874
10. Busch, V., Magerl, W., Kern, U., Haas, J., Hajak, G., & Eichhammer, P. (2012). The effect of deep and slow breathing on pain perception, autonomic activity, and mood processing—An experimental study. Pain Medicine, 13(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01243.x
11. Othership. (n.d.). Deep breathing & the parasympathetic nervous system: The connection. https://www.othership.us/resources/deep-breathing-the-parasympathetic-nervous-system-the-connection
12. Zaccaro, A., Piarulli, A., Laurino, M., Garbella, E., Menicucci, D., Neri, B., & Gemignani, A. (2018). How breath-control can change your life: A systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353
13. Hamasaki, H. (2020). Effects of diaphragmatic breathing on health: A narrative review. Medicines, 7(10), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines7100065
14. Harvard Health. (2015, January 26). Relaxation techniques: Breath control helps quell errant stress response. https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/relaxation-techniques-breath-control-helps-quell-errant-stress-response
15. Psych Central. (n.d.). How can breathing rhythms affect your emotions? https://psychcentral.com/lib/change-how-you-feel-change-how-you-breathe
16. Mais Vida Saúde. (n.d.). Importance of breathing for quality of life. https://www.maisvidasaude.com/en/news/importance-of-breathing-for-quality-of-life
17. BBC Science Focus Magazine. (n.d.). Dr Michael Mosley: How deep breathing can soothe anxiety, help you sleep and more. https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/dr-michael-mosley-deep-breathing/
18. Orthopaedic and Spine Center of Newport News. (2017, November 15). Breathing techniques for natural pain relief. https://www.osc-ortho.com/blog/breathing-techniques-for-natural-pain-relief/
19. Marksberry, K. (2012, August 10). Take a deep breath. The American Institute of Stress. https://www.stress.org/take-a-deep-breath
20. Michigan Health Blog. (2016, May 17). Deep breathing exercises & techniques. https://www.michiganmedicine.org/health-lab/easy-way-beat-stress-and-build-healthier-life
21. MindOwl. (2021, November 16). The incredible power of breathwork to increase energy. https://mindowl.org/breathwork-for-energy/

Pain — TENS

1. Livia. (n.d.). Find out how Livia works. https://mylivia.com/about
2. Borges, M. R., de Oliveira, N. M. L., Antonelli, I. B. S., Silva, M. B., Crema, E., & Fernandes, L. F. R. M. (2020). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is superior than placebo and control for postoperative pain relief. Pain Management, 10(4), 235–246. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564661/
3. Patient.info. (2023, March 26). TENS machine: How does a TENS machine work? https://patient.info/treatment-medication/painkillers/tens-machines
4. Mira, T. A., Giraldo, P. C., Yela, D. A., & Benetti-Pinto, C. L. (2015). Effectiveness of complementary pain treatment for women with deep endometriosis through Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 194, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.07.009 (Retraction published Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2018)
5. Elboim-Gabyzon, M., Najjar, S. A., & Shtarker, H. (2019). Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on acute postoperative pain intensity and mobility after hip fracture: A double-blinded, randomized trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 1841–1850. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S203658
6. NatalCare Naturally. (n.d.). Testimonials. https://www.tenshire.co.nz/pages/hear-what-our-mums-are-saying-about-tens
7. Physiopedia. (n.d.). Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). https://www.physio-pedia.com/Transcutaneous_Electrical_Nerve_Stimulation_(TENS
8. Kiesel, L. (2019). Can a TENS unit help endo pain? Endometriosis.net. https://endometriosis.net/clinical/tens-pain
9. Vance, C. G. T., Dailey, D. L., Rakel, B. A., & Sluka, K. A. (2014). Using TENS for pain control: The state of the evidence. Pain Management, 4(3), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.2217/pmt.14.13
10. TensCare. (n.d.). How does TENS work? Natural pain relief and physiotherapy. https://tenscare.co.uk/pages/how-does-tens-work
11. Harvard Health. (n.d.). Endorphins: The brain's natural pain reliever. https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/endorphins-the-brains-natural-pain-reliever
12. Sprouse-Blum, A. S., Smith, G., Sugai, D., & Parsa, F. D. (2010). Understanding endorphins and their importance in pain management. Hawaii Medical Journal, 69(3), 70–71. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3104618/

Pain — Break up with Alcohol

1. Ciebiera, M., Ali, M., Zgliczyńska, M., Skrzypczak, M., & Al-Hendy, A. (2020). Vitamins and uterine fibroids: Current data on pathophysiology and possible clinical relevance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(15), 5528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155528
2. Li Piani, L., Chiaffarino, F., Cipriani, S., Viganò, P., Somigliana, E., & Parazzini, F. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis on alcohol consumption and risk of endometriosis: An update from 2012. Scientific Reports, 12, 19122. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21173-9
3. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body's natural blueprint for well-being (First edition) (pp. 142-144). HarperOne.
4. Endometriosis.net. (n.d.). How alcohol affects endometriosis. https://endometriosis.net/living/alcohol
5. Fan, D., Liu, L., Xia, Q., Wang, W., Wu, S., Tian, G., Liu, Y., Ni, J., Wu, S., Guo, X., & Liu, Z. (2017). Female alcohol consumption and fecundability: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 7, 13815. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14261-8
6. Eggert, J., Theobald, H., & Engfeldt, P. (2004). Effects of alcohol consumption on female fertility during an 18-year period. Fertility and Sterility, 81(2), 379–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.06.018
7. Reichman, M. E., Judd, J. T., Longcope, C., Schatzkin, A., Clevidence, B. A., Nair, P. P., Campbell, W. S., & Taylor, P. R. (1993). Effects of alcohol consumption on plasma and urinary hormone concentrations in premenopausal women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85(9), 722–727. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.9.722
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, March 23). Alcohol questions and answers. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm
9. Bishehsari, F., Magno, E., Swanson, G., Desai, V., Voigt, R. M., Forsyth, C. B., & Keshavarzian, A. (2017). Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 38(2), 163–171. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5513683/
10. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). Alcohol's effects on female reproductive function. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh26-4/274-281.htm
11. Taylor, H. S., Kotlyar, A. M., & Flores, V. A. (2021). Endometriosis is a chronic systemic disease: Clinical challenges and novel innovations. The Lancet, 397(10276), 839–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(2100389-5
12. University of Sussex. (n.d.). How 'Dry January' is the secret to better sleep, saving money and losing weight. https://www.sussex.ac.uk/broadcast/read/47131
13. Surely Non-Alcoholic Wine. (n.d.). Will quitting alcohol help my hormones? https://www.drinksurely.com/a/blog/hormone-balance-after-quitting-alcohol
14. Thomes, P. (2021). Natural recovery by the liver and other organs after chronic alcohol use. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 41(1), 05. https://doi.org/10.35946/arcr.v41.1.05
15. Parazzini, F., Cipriani, S., Bravi, F., Pelucchi, C., Chiaffarino, F., Ricci, E., & Viganò, P. (2013). A metaanalysis on alcohol consumption and risk of endometriosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 209(2), 106.e1–106.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2013.05.039
16. Hearn-Yeates, F., Edgley, K., Horne, A. W., O'Mahony, S. M., & Saunders, P. T. K. (2025, March 3). Dietary modification and supplement use for endometriosis pain. JAMA Network Open, 8(3), e253152. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11959439/

Hormones — DIM

1. Thomson, C. A., Ho, E., & Strom, M. B. (2016, July). Chemopreventive properties of 3,3′-diindolylmethane in breast cancer: Evidence from experimental and human studies. Nutrition Reviews, 74(7), 432–443. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw010
2. Taz, B. (2019, May 15). How to manage endometriosis naturally. Dr. Taz Bhatia M.D. https://doctortaz.com/how-to-manage-endometriosis-naturally/
3. Healthline. (2020, July 22). DIM supplements: Benefits, side effects, and dosage. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/dim-supplement
4. Composed Nutrition. (2020, June 20). 5 benefits of DIM for endometriosis. https://www.composednutrition.com/blog/dim-for-endometriosis
5. Morales-Prieto, D. M., Herrmann, J., Osterwald, H., Kochhar, P. S., Schleussner, E., Markert, U. R., & Oettel, M. (2018, September). Comparison of Dienogest effects upon 3,3'-diindolylmethane supplementation in models of endometriosis and clinical cases. Reproductive Biology, 18(3), 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2018.07.002
6. Romm, A. (2021, April 21). High estrogen: What it means and what you can do. Aviva Romm, MD. https://avivaromm.com/high-estrogen/
7. Marie, K. (2014, January 27). Di-indolyl-methane (DIM) fact sheet. Slow Aging. https://slowaging.org/di-indolyl-methane-dim/
8. Fey, A. (2020, October 19). DIM (diindolylmethane) proves to be beneficial for endometriosis. Dr. Amanda Fey, ND. https://www.doctorfey.com/functional-medicine-holistic-health-blog/2020/10/19/dim-diindolylmethane-proves-to-be-beneficial-for-endometriosis
9. Pistotnik, C. (2021, March 2). Top 5 supplements for endometriosis symptom relief. Whole Family Health. https://www.wholefamilyhealth.ca/top-5-supplements-for-endometriosis-symptom-relief/

Pain — Massage

1. Pelvic Health and Rehabilitation Center. (2012, September 26). Pelvic pain: The role of scar tissue. https://pelvicpainrehab.com/female-pelvic-pain/553/pelvic-pain-the-role-of-scar-tissue/
2. Wurn, B. F., Wurn, L. J., Patterson, K., King, C. R., & Scharf, E. S. (2011). Decreasing dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea in women with endometriosis via manual physical therapy: Results from two independent studies. Journal of Endometriosis, 3(4), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.5301/JE.2012.9088
3. Chopra. (2018, July 12). Reducing inflammation starts with the vagus nerve. https://chopra.com/articles/reducing-inflammation-starts-with-the-vagus-nerve
4. Physio.co.uk. (n.d.). Increased lymphatic drainage — Cellular effects — Physiological effects of massage. https://www.physio.co.uk/treatments/massage/physiological-effects-of-massage/cellular-effects/increased-lymphatic-drainage.php
5. Valiani, M., Ghasemi, N., Bahadoran, P., & Heshmat, R. (2010). The effects of massage therapy on dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 15(4), 167–171. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3093183/
6. Medical News Today. (2019, February 22). Lymphatic drainage massage: Benefits and how to perform. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324518
7. Wilson, R. (2016, June 12). Can massage help relieve pain and suffering for women with endometriosis? Holistic Wellness. https://www.holisticwellness.nz/can-massage-help-relieve-pain-and-suffering-for-women-with-endometriosis/
8. Wurn, B. F., Wurn, L. J., King, C. R., Heuer, M. A., Roscow, A. S., Scharf, E. S., & Shuster, J. J. (2004). Treating female infertility and improving IVF pregnancy rates with a manual physical therapy technique. MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine, 6(2), 51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15266276/

Hormones — Phytoestrogens

1. Romm, A. (2021, April 13). The estrobolome: The fascinating way your gut impacts your estrogen levels. Aviva Romm, MD. https://avivaromm.com/estrobolome/
2. Desmawati, D., & Sulastri, D. (2019, February 14). Phytoestrogens and their health effect. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(3), 495–499. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.086
3. Romm, A. J. (2021). Hormone intelligence: The complete guide to calming the chaos and restoring your body's natural blueprint for well-being (First edition). HarperOne.
4. Sirotkin, A. V., & Harrath, A. H. (2014, October 15). Phytoestrogens and their effects. European Journal of Pharmacology, 741, 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.057
5. BodyLogicMD. (2020, March 3). How long does HRT take to work? Understanding the healing process. https://www.bodylogicmd.com/blog/how-long-does-hrt-take-to-work-understanding-the-healing-process/
6. ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Phytoestrogen — An overview. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/phytoestrogen
7. LetsGetChecked. (n.d.). Foods that increase estrogen in women: Do they exist? https://www.letsgetchecked.com/articles/foods-that-increase-estrogen/
8. Stojanov, S., & Kreft, S. (2020, April 1). Gut microbiota and the metabolism of phytoestrogens. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 30(2), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00049-x
9. Healthline. (2017, July 10). Are phytoestrogens good for you? https://www.healthline.com/health/phytoestrogens
10. Maughan, S. (2011, May 11). Elimination diets: How to do them and why. Precision Nutrition. https://www.precisionnutrition.com/elimination-diet
11. Rayachoti, J. (n.d.). How your gut impacts your hormones. Dr Jenna. https://www.drjennarayachoti.com/blog-drjenna/how-your-gut-impacts-your-hormones
12. Ervin, S. M., Li, H., Lim, L., Roberts, L. R., Liang, X., Mani, S., & Redinbo, M. R. (2019, December 6). Gut microbial β-glucuronidases reactivate estrogens as components of the estrobolome that reactivate estrogens. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 294(49), 18586–18599. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA119.010950